Table 1.
Comparisons of study outcome measures at baseline test (N = 357) ł
| |
All |
First grade (n = 116) |
Second grade (n = 131) |
Third grade (n = 110) |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
|
|
Boys (n = 61) |
Girls (n = 55) |
Boys (71) |
Girls (60) |
Boys (n = 59) |
Girls (n = 51) |
||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Body fat percent† |
21.17 |
4.46 |
19.82 |
4.56 |
21.54 |
4.07 |
20.10 |
3.39 |
21.20 |
4.52 |
22.87 |
4.56 |
21.89 |
5.16 |
| Fat mass (kg) |
3.64 |
1.25 |
3.28 |
0.88 |
3.49 |
0.94 |
3.28 |
0.92 |
3.71 |
1.08 |
4.20 |
1.86 |
4.00 |
1.36 |
| Muscle mass (kg) † ˥ |
6.72 |
1.39 |
5.84 |
1.03 |
5.75 |
1.04 |
6.60 |
1.15 |
6.50 |
1.04 |
8.22 |
1.34 |
7.50 |
0.84 |
| Weight (kg) † |
18.16 |
2.95 |
16.40 |
2.13 |
16.47 |
1.98 |
17.65 |
2.34 |
17.95 |
2.38 |
21.03 |
3.46 |
19.75 |
2.08 |
| Height (cm) † |
107.28 |
6.73 |
101.56 |
4.35 |
100.72 |
4.53 |
107.13 |
4.40 |
107.12 |
4.40 |
114.70 |
4.26 |
113.02 |
4.51 |
| BMI‡ |
15.71 |
1.41 |
15.84 |
1.18 |
16.21 |
1.38 |
15.33 |
1.15 |
15.60 |
1.39 |
15.91 |
1.87 |
15.45 |
1.28 |
| BMI-for-age z-score ‡ |
0.23 |
0.96 |
0.27 |
0.89 |
0.57 |
0.90 |
0.01 |
0.85 |
0.17 |
0.88 |
0.35 |
1.27 |
0.07 |
0.82 |
| 20m agility run (seconds) ‡ |
8.39 |
1.63 |
9.74 |
1.77 |
9.91 |
1.65 |
7.77 |
0.88 |
8.20 |
1.04 |
7.25 |
0.94 |
7.55 |
1.13 |
| Broad jump (m) † |
90.78 |
16.03 |
76.67 |
7.03 |
74.80 |
7.36 |
90.67 |
12.54 |
88.75 |
15.01 |
104.71 |
15.10 |
99.76 |
11.81 |
| Tennis ball throw (m) † ˥ |
4.33 |
1.68 |
3.64 |
1.44 |
2.98 |
0.97 |
4.35 |
1.28 |
3.83 |
1.38 |
6.34 |
1.58 |
4.87 |
1.11 |
| Sit and reach (cm) ‡ ˥ |
9.94 |
4.23 |
10.11 |
4.01 |
10.62 |
3.60 |
8.98 |
3.56 |
11.09 |
3.60 |
7.70 |
4.76 |
11.63 |
4.75 |
| Balance beam walk (seconds) ‡ |
14.43 |
12.49 |
22.40 |
13.39 |
24.83 |
16.77 |
12.38 |
9.31 |
11.72 |
7.75 |
7.76 |
7.58 |
7.43 |
4.36 |
| 20m craw (seconds) ‡ ˥ |
26.17 |
6.38 |
30.32 |
5.35 |
32.09 |
5.44 |
24.54 |
4.01 |
26.97 |
6.52 |
20.71 |
4.15 |
22.50 |
4.24 |
| 30m sprint (seconds) ‡ | 9.84 | 2.33 | 11.47 | 2.61 | 11.92 | 2.65 | 9.46 | 1.59 | 9.77 | 1.59 | 8.17 | 1.04 | 8.18 | 0.86 |
ł Comparison based on F-test (α ≤ 0.05); sample size varied slightly for different measures due to missing. † Measure significantly increased with years in childcare; ‡ Measures significantly decreased with years in childcare; ˥ Measures significantly better in boys;