Table 3.
Relevant outcome measures related to the domain of rearfoot kinematics (significant SMD results are bolded) - walking unless otherwise noted
| Study | Activity | Outcome | No FO (mean ± SD) | Device | FO (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zifchock and Davis [41] |
Over-ground walking (2.0 m/s) in low arch cohort |
Peak RF eversion (°) |
4.31 (2.5) |
A |
5.45 (5.1) |
| B |
4.38 (2.2) |
||||
| RF eversion excursion (°) |
10.60 (2.8) |
A |
9.47 (1.9) |
||
| B |
9.68 (1.8) |
||||
| Peak RF eversion velocity (°/s) |
155.65 (46.9) |
A |
141.50 (47.2) |
||
| B |
144.78 (46.5) |
||||
| Mündermann et al. [47] |
Over-ground running (4.0 ± 0.2 m/s) in recreational runners with everted rearfoot. |
Peak foot eversion (°) * |
16.00 (2.3) |
A |
16.90 (3.6) |
| B |
16.60 (2.5) |
||||
| C |
13.70 (2.7) |
||||
| Peak foot eversion velocity (°/s) * |
464.70 (155.2) |
A |
484.40 (141.1) |
||
| B |
476.80 (145.0) |
||||
| C |
392.90 (135.0) |
||||
| Cobb et al. [52] |
Over-ground walking (1.3 to 1.4 m/s) in low arch cohort |
RF eversion excursion (terminal stance (°) |
0.85 (0.8) |
A |
0.28 (0.5) |
| 0.02 (0.4) |
B |
0.18 (0.3) |
|||
| Hurd et al. [51] |
Over-ground walking (1.2 m/s ± 5%) in forefoot varus cohort |
RF eversion (initial contact) (°) |
-1.60 (3.6) |
A |
-1.00 (3.1) |
| B |
-0.30 (4.0) |
||||
| Peak RF eversion (loading) (°) |
-3.40 (3.7) |
A |
-2.80 (5.6) |
||
| B |
-2.70 (5.3) |
||||
| Over-ground running (1.7 m/s ± 5%) in forefoot varus cohort |
RF eversion (initial contact) (°) * |
-3.30 (4.0) |
A |
-2.50 (5.0) |
|
| B |
-2.30 (4.5) |
||||
| Peak RF eversion (loading) (°) * |
-5.60 (3.5) |
A |
-5.30 (10.5) |
||
| B |
-5.60 (11.1) |
||||
| Johanson et al. [49] | Treadmill walking (1.11 m/s) in forefoot varus cohort | Peak RF eversion (°) | 0.80 (3.0) | A |
-1.35 (2.8) |
| B |
-0.88 (3.3) |
||||
| C |
-0.44 (3.3) |
||||
| D | -0.36 (3.0) |
FO – foot orthoses, RF – rearfoot, FF – forefoot, *during running.