Fig. 1.

Aflibercept mechanism of action. Aflibercept binds to VEGF A-D and PIGF and prevents binding to the receptors and further activation of the angiogenesis cascade. ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase, IgG1 immunoglobulin G1, PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PIGF placental growth factor, MEK Mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGFR vascular endothelial growth factor receptor