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a. The hyolaryngeal complex includes the: 1.) hyoid, 2.) thyrohyoid muscle 3.) thyrohyoid membrane, 4.) thyroid cartilage, 5.) cricothyroid membrane, 6.) cricoid cartilage, and 7.) cricopharyngeus. The 8.) trachea and 9.) esophagus are incorporated into the hyolaryngeal complex. Elevation of this complex helps to protect the airway and open a relaxed upper esophageal sphincter.
b. Proposed two-sling mechanism of hyolaryngeal elevation
