Table 1. Descriptive Statistics for Total Sample and for Groups with No Anxiety Disorder Onset, and Other Anxiety Disorder Onset Over Follow-up Period.
| Total Sample | No Anxiety Disorder (AD) | Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) | AD other than SAD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | % | % | % | % | ||||
| Male gender | 26 | 27 | 36 | 7 | ||||
| African American race | 10 | 10 | 18 | 0 | ||||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 20 | 20 | 0 | 29 | ||||
| MDD history at baseline | 16 | 15 | 36 | 7 | ||||
| Baseline risk category | ||||||||
| Low | 19.8 | 21.7 | 0 | 7.1 | ||||
| Medium | 25.9 | 26.1 | 27.3 | 21.4 | ||||
| High | 54.3 | 52.2 | 72.7 | 71.4 | ||||
| Oral contraceptives (females) | 9.4 | 9.3 | 0 | 15.4 | ||||
| Smoke Cigarettes | 4.3 | 3.9 | 0 | 14.3 | ||||
| Psychotropic medication | 6 | 4.3 | 18.2 | 21.4 | ||||
| Total Sample | No AD | SAD | AD other than SAD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD |
| Age in years | ||||||||
| Baseline | 16.91 | 0.39 | 16.89 | 0.38 | 17.28 | 0.31 | 16.95 | 0.38 |
| Cortisol testing | 17.06 | 0.40 | 17.02 | 0.39 | 17.51 | 0.30 | 17.15 | 0.35 |
| Final follow-up | 23.00 | 0.60 | 22.96 | 0.58 | 23.52 | 0.79 | 23.01 | 0.59 |
| Socioeconomic status (SES) | 46.74 | 12.96 | 46.51 | 13.27 | 49.23 | 9.30 | 48.19 | 11.06 |
| Mean hours of sleep | 7.19 | 0.91 | 7.19 | 0.09 | 7.02 | 0.92 | 7.30 | 1.06 |
| Mean wake time (military) | 6:46 | 0:51 | 6:44 | 20:24 | 6:39 | 0:48 | 7:14 | 0:46 |
| Neuroticism | -0.16 | 0.76 | -0.21 | 0.76 | 0.39 | 0.74 | 0.14 | 0.56 |
| Waking cortisol (μg/dl) | 0.44 | 0.24 | 0.44 | 0.25 | 0.38 | 0.15 | 0.46 | 0.19 |
| Total Cortisol (AUCg) | 3.44 | 1.78 | 3.39 | 1.70 | 3.43 | 0.72 | 4.18 | 3.10 |
| Cortisol awakening response(CAR) (μg/dl) | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.42 |
| Diurnal cortisol slope (Slope) | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.02 |
Notes: MDD history = participant has diagnosed history of MDD at baseline. Baseline risk category = whether participant was considered at low, medium or high risk for depression and anxiety based on baseline neuroticism screener. Oral contraceptives = participants uses oral contraceptives at time of cortisol assessment, Smoke cigarettes = participant smokes cigarettes at time of cortisol assessment, Psychotropic medication = participant uses a psychotropic medication at baseline or at time of cortisol assessment. SES = socioeconomic status coded from education and occupational status ratings using the Hollingshead 1975 system (scale ranges from 0 to 66, with scores 40 or above indicating trained technical, business or professional status, and scores under 20 indicating unskilled labor or service work). (N) = composite measure of neuroticism based on average of four N questionnaires (z-scored). Waking Cortisol = cortisol values measured immediately upon waking. Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) = increase in cortisol between waking and 40-minute post-awakening. AUCg = area under the curve defined by all cortisol values taken across the waking day. Diurnal cortisol slope=rate of change (decline) in cortisol levels, per hour, from waking to bedtime.