Table 2. Predictors of under-nutrition among adult population aged 20–49 years, Botswana.
Factors | Men (n = 3419) | Female (n = 2188) | |||
Odds ratio | S.E. | Odds ratio | S.E. | ||
Age | 20–24 | 1.00 | 0.22 | 2.40** | 0.26 |
25.29 | 0.99 | 0.21 | 2.05** | 0.25 | |
30–34 | 1.08 | 0.21 | 1.67 | 0.25 | |
35–39 | 1.03 | 0.21 | 1.22 | 0.26 | |
40–44 | 1.02 | 0.22 | 1.05 | 0.27 | |
45–49 (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |
Place of residence | City/town (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Urban village | 1.13 | 0.11 | 1.19 | 0.12 | |
Rural | 1.10 | 0.12 | 0.98 | 0.14 | |
Marital status | Currently married/in union (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
Formerly married/in union | 0.71 | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.37 | |
Never married/in union | 1.61*** | 0.11 | 1.15 | 0.10 | |
Educational level | No education | 1.45** | 0.18 | 1.57** | |
Primary | 1.66** | 0.15 | 0.79 | ||
Secondary | 1.31** | 0.13 | 0.79 | ||
Higher (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | ||
Parity | 0 (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
1 | 0.85 | 0.12 | 0.61*** | 0.13 | |
2 | 0.76* | 0.15 | 0.54*** | 0.15 | |
3 | 0.75 | 0.19 | 0.51*** | 0.19 | |
4+ | 0.75 | 0.18 | 0.49*** | 0.20 | |
Wealth Quintile | 1. Poorest 20% | 3.46*** | 0.18 | 3.07*** | 0.21 |
2. | 2.30*** | 0.18 | 1.81** | 0.21 | |
3. | 2.23*** | 0.15 | 1.69** | 0.17 | |
4. | 1.59** | 0.14 | 1.62** | 0.15 | |
5. Richest 20% (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - | |
Do you listen to radio at least once a week? | Yes (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
No | 0.88 | 0.11 | 0.88 | 0.12 | |
Do you watch TV at least once a week? | Yes (Ref) | 1.00 | - | 1.00 | - |
No | 0.84 | 0.11 | 1.37** | 0.12 |
Significance levels: ***p<0.001; **p<0.05; *p<0.10; S.E. represents standard error.