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. 2014 Jul 23;9(7):e102675. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102675

Table 2. Predictors of under-nutrition among adult population aged 20–49 years, Botswana.

Factors Men (n = 3419) Female (n = 2188)
Odds ratio S.E. Odds ratio S.E.
Age 20–24 1.00 0.22 2.40** 0.26
25.29 0.99 0.21 2.05** 0.25
30–34 1.08 0.21 1.67 0.25
35–39 1.03 0.21 1.22 0.26
40–44 1.02 0.22 1.05 0.27
45–49 (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
Place of residence City/town (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
Urban village 1.13 0.11 1.19 0.12
Rural 1.10 0.12 0.98 0.14
Marital status Currently married/in union (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
Formerly married/in union 0.71 0.54 0.56 0.37
Never married/in union 1.61*** 0.11 1.15 0.10
Educational level No education 1.45** 0.18 1.57**
Primary 1.66** 0.15 0.79
Secondary 1.31** 0.13 0.79
Higher (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00
Parity 0 (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
1 0.85 0.12 0.61*** 0.13
2 0.76* 0.15 0.54*** 0.15
3 0.75 0.19 0.51*** 0.19
4+ 0.75 0.18 0.49*** 0.20
Wealth Quintile 1. Poorest 20% 3.46*** 0.18 3.07*** 0.21
2. 2.30*** 0.18 1.81** 0.21
3. 2.23*** 0.15 1.69** 0.17
4. 1.59** 0.14 1.62** 0.15
5. Richest 20% (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
Do you listen to radio at least once a week? Yes (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
No 0.88 0.11 0.88 0.12
Do you watch TV at least once a week? Yes (Ref) 1.00 - 1.00 -
No 0.84 0.11 1.37** 0.12

Significance levels: ***p<0.001; **p<0.05; *p<0.10; S.E. represents standard error.