Table 1. Site of defect and etiology.

Case no.	Sex	Age, y	Site of the tegmen defect (tegmen tympani, mastoideum, antri)	First signs and symptoms	Etiology
1	M	42	Tegmen antri and mastoideum	Headache	Iatrogenic (TPL)
2	M	74	Tegmen antri and mastoideum	Hearing loss	Cholesteatoma
3	M	74	Tegmen antri, mastoideum, and tympani	Otorrhea, hearing loss	Spontaneous
4	F	58	Tegmen tympani and antri	Noted occasionally (CT scan)	Spontaneous
5	F	67	Tegmen tympani and antri	Otorhinoliquorrhea	Spontaneous
6	F	60	Tegmen timpani and mastoideum	Parietal headache, otorrhea	Iatrogenic (TPL)
7	M	18	Tegmen antri and mastoideum	Hearing loss	Posttraumatic
8	F	74	Tegmen tympani	Ear fullness, otoliquorrhea	Spontaneous
9	M	42	Tegmen antri and mastoideum	Otalgia, frontal headache, agitation, falling blood pressure, hyperpyrexia	Otogenic meningitis
10	M	69	Tegmen tympani	Otalgia, otorrhea, hyperpyrexia	Otogenic meningitis
11	M	60	Tegmen tympani	Confusional state	Otogenic meningitis
12	F	67	Tegmen tympani, antri, and mastoideum	Otorrhea, hearing loss dizziness, headache	Spontaneous
13	F	82	Tegmen tympani, antri, and mastoideum	Hearing loss, tinnitus otorrhea, ear fullness	Cholesteatoma
14	F	65	Tegmen mastoideum	Altered mental status, vomiting, hyperpyrexia	Otogenic meningitis
15	F	27	Tegmen tympani and mastoideum	Otorrhea, otalgia	Spontaneous
16	M	53	Tegmen mastoideum	Otorrhea, ear fullness, otoliquorrhea	Cholesteatoma
17	F	59	Tegmen mastoideum	Hyperpyrexia, loss of consciousness	Otogenic meningitis
18	M	89	Tegmen antri	Otorrhea, headache hyperpyrexia, nuchal rigidity	Otogenic meningitis
19	M	31	Tegmen antri	Confusional state, tonic-clonic convulsive crisis	Otogenic meningitis
20	F	65	Tegmen antri and tympani	Hearing loss, tinnitus	Cholesteatoma
21	M	28	Tegmen tympani	Otalgia	Otogenic meningitis
22	M	43	Tegmen antri and tympani	Rhinoliquorrea	Posttraumatic

Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; TPL, tympanoplasty.