Table 1.
Summary of Cognitive Testing Results.
| DPT | DSN | LHD | YCG | OCG | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| %Errors | RT | %Errors | RT | %Errors | RT | %Error range | Mean RT(SD) | %Error range | Mean RT(SD) | |
| SPELLING | ||||||||||
| Word List 1 | 18%** | - | 15%** | - | 16%** | - | 0–4% | - | 0–3% | - |
| Length List (Long-Short) | 6% | - | 0% | - | 10% | - | - | - | 0% | - |
| Frequency List (LF-HF) | 18%** | - | 22%** | - | 8%* | - | - | - | 0–2% | - |
| Nonword List | 3% | - | 3% | - | 9% | - | 0–3% | - | 0–15% | - |
|
| ||||||||||
| READING | ||||||||||
| Recognition of Oral Spelling (ROS) | - | - | 8% | - | 2% | - | - | - | 0–7% | - |
| Frequency (LF-HF) | - | - | 11%* | - | 2% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Regularity (Irreg.-Reg.) | - | - | 8% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Oral Reading of ROS words | - | - | 7% | - | 30% | - | - | - | - | - |
| Frequency (LF-HF) | - | - | 13%* | - | 9%* | - | - | - | - | - |
| Regularity (Irreg.-Reg.) | - | - | 15%** | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Visual Lexical Decision | 3% | 793~ | 15%** | 722 | 12%** | 1055** | 2–3% | 642(76) | 1–6% | 753(79) |
| HF words | 2% | 675 | 2% | 636 | 13%** | 1042** | 2–11% | 578(93) | 0–2% | 673(66) |
| LF words | 1% | 807~ | 42%** | 785 | 27%** | 1943** | 0–2% | 640(84) | 0–9% | 747(54) |
| Regular words | 1% | 718 | 10%** | 706 | 20%** | 1266** | 0–17% | 602(89) | 0–3% | 699(63) |
| Irregular words | 1% | 727 | 33%** | 677 | 23%** | 1361** | 0–31% | 597(86) | 0–3% | 703(80) |
| Word reading | 0% | 610~ | 13%** | 691~ | 39%** | 1438** | 0–31% | 477(62) | 0–1% | 515(76) |
| HF words | 0% | 583 | 9%** | 668 | 29%** | 1355** | 0–51% | 470(62) | 0–1% | 514(85) |
| LF words | 0% | 615~ | 19%** | 727* | 50%** | 1620** | 0–51% | 477(65) | 0% | 518(67) |
| Regular words | 0% | 588 | 9%** | 683 | 36%** | 1563** | 0–51% | 475(64) | 0% | 514(81) |
| Irregular words | 0% | 632* | 17%** | 696* | 43%** | 1382** | 0–51% | 477(63) | 0–1% | 516(74) |
| Nonword Reading | 0% | 759 | 11% | 751 | 73%** | 1476** | 0–6% | 582(117) | 0–17% | 640(100) |
|
| ||||||||||
| SEMANTICS | ||||||||||
| Written Synonym Judgment | 9% | 976~ | 7% | 1387~ | 30%* | 15162** | 2–7% | 762(105) | 2–15% | 1035(149) |
| Auditory Synonym Judgment | 2% | 1382 | 0% | 952 | 40%* | 3317** | 0–5% | 1036(248) | 0–5% | 971(140) |
| Pyramids and Palm Trees | 11% | 2269 | 21% | 2000 | 29%* | 10691** | 6–27% | 1765(504) | 4–17% | 2009(340) |
|
| ||||||||||
| SPOKEN WORD PRODUCTION | ||||||||||
| Spoken Picture Naming | 2% | 997 | 48%** | 1635** | 75%** | - | 1–7% | 729(92) | 2–8% | 770(96) |
|
| ||||||||||
| VISUAL OBJECT PROCESSING | ||||||||||
| Faces: Fame Judgment | 8% | 1183 | 23% | 748 | 14% | 1360 | 5–14% | 938(235) | 10–30% | 1033(155) |
| Faces: Profession Judgment | 1% | 838 | 12% | 836 | 12% | 1692* | 5–12% | 823(163) | 5–12% | 1016(181) |
See text for more details. LF = low frequency, HF = high frequency, ROS = Recognition of Oral Spelling, Irreg = irregular, Reg = regular, RT = reaction time. Pyramids and Palm Trees (Howard & Patterson, 1992). SD = standard deviation. Significance notation:
~
p<0.1;
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01