Table 2.

Odds ratios predicting age 21 and age 33 heavy episodic drinking (HED) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) associated with adolescent risk factors

Variable	Age 21a				Age 33b
	HED		AUD		HED		AUD
	1. Zero-order	2. w/control	3. Zero-order	4. w/control	5. Zero-order	6. w/control	7. Zero-order	8. w/control
Family
General
Family management	0.92	0.76	1.42	1.19	1.47	1.36	2.15	1.88
Family conflict	1.03	0.97	1.20	1.14	1.48	1.68	1.61	1.58
Family involvement	0.76	0.64	0.99	0.85	1.40	1.36	1.66	1.57
Family bonding	1.00	0.86	1.49	1.33	1.50	1.39	1.72	1.54
Alcohol specific
Parental drinking attitude	1.57	1.46	1.35	1.24	1.57	1.28	1.33	1.20
Respondents’ involvement with parents’ drinking	2.15	2.17	1.27	1.24	1.35	1.13	1.57	1.58
Parental heavy episodic drinking	1.73	1.68	1.66	1.60	1.32	1.14	1.67	1.49
Sibling drinking	1.67	1.59	1.64	1.51	1.25	1.08	1.31	1.05
Peer
General
Antisocial peers	1.65	1.14	2.74	2.06	1.43	0.88	2.20	1.38
Antisocial opportunities	1.30	0.95	2.42	1.91	1.51	1.17	2.60	1.81
Alcohol specific
Drinking peer	2.55	2.55	2.59	2.50	1.16	0.81	2.26	1.82
School
General
Bonding	1.03	0.83	1.68	1.39	1.27	1.13	2.35	1.91
Opportunity	1.18	0.94	1.57	1.27	1.63	1.39	2.41	1.99
Involvement	0.79	0.73	1.09	1.02	0.95	0.94	1.23	1.15
Reward	1.46	1.31	1.43	1.27	1.14	0.97	1.68	1.47
Alcohol specific
Perception of drinking in school	1.18	1.13	1.41	1.34	1.22	1.39	2.01	1.92

Notes: Coefficients in bold are significant at p < .05; coefficients in italics are marginally significant at p < .10.

^aEarly alcohol use (ages 10–11), behavioral disinhibition (age 14), and gender were included in the models as covariates;

^bearly alcohol use (ages 10–11), behavioral disinhibition (age 14), gender, and the corresponding age 21 problem alcohol involvement (e.g., for the model predicting HED at age 33, HED at age 21 was added as a covariate) were included in the models as covariates.