Table II.

Association of Primary Language with BSID III and BITSEA Scores

	English (N=752)	Spanish (N=98)	P-value [1]
BSID-III
Cognitive
Median [25-75%]	90 [80-100]	90 [80-95]
Mean (StdDev)	90.0 (14.8)	88.3 (12.9)	0.29
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)		−1.5 (−5.0,1.9)	0.38
Language
Median [25-75%]	86 [74-97]	77 [71-86]
Mean (StdDev)	85.6 (17.5)	78.7 (14.2)	<0.001
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)		−5.0 (−9.3,−0.7)	0.02
Expressive
Median [25-75%]	8 [6-10]	7 [5-8]
Mean (StdDev)	7.8 (2.9)	6.8 (2.4)	<0.01
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)		−0.9 (−1.7,−0.1)	0.03
Receptive
Median [25-75%]	8 [6-10]	6 [5-8]
Mean (StdDev)	7.7 (2.9)	6.1 (2.5)	<0.001
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)		−0.8 (−1.5,−0.0)	0.05
BITSEA
Competence
Median [25-75%]	17 [15-20]	16 [14-18]
Mean (StdDev)	16.7 (3.6)	15.8 (3.4)	0.04
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)		0.3 (−0.7,1.3)	0.59
Problem
Median [25-75%]	11 [6-16]	13 [7-18]
Mean (StdDev)	11.7 (7.0)	13.6 (7.4)	0.01
Adjusted Mean Difference (95% CI)		0.6 (−1.5,2.6)	0.57

[1] P-values for ‘Mean (StdDev)’ rows obtained from a t-test. Adjusted mean differences and the corresponding p-values obtained from a regression model with the score of interest as the outcome, primary language as the explanatory variable and controlling for medical and socioeconomic factors. Adjusted mean differences are calculated as the difference of the Spanish as a primary language group compared to the English as a primary language group.