Table 5.
Multivariate analyses of all cause, in-hospital mortality of COPD patients (N = 55,967)
| Characteristic | Elixhauser model* | DCI model** | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR | 95% Confidence interval | Trend p-value | R-square | Adjusted OR | 95% Confidence interval | Trend-p-value | R-square | |
| Age (increase by 1 year) | 1.06 | 1.05-1.07 | <0.001 | 0.0060 | 1.06 | 1.05-1.07 | <0.001 | 0.0060 |
| Gender | ||||||||
| Male | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | 0.029 | <0.0001 | |
| Female | - | - | 0.88 | 0.78-0.98 | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Caucasian | 1.0 | - | 0.005 | 0.0002 | 1.0 | - | 0.003 | 0.0004 |
| African American | 0.79 | 0.63-0.98 | 0.78 | 0.62-0.97 | ||||
| Hispanic | 0.43 | 0.25-0.75 | 0.41 | 0.23-0.71 | ||||
| American Indian | 0.35 | 0.09-1.43 | 0.34 | 0.08-1.38 | ||||
| Asian | 1.29 | 0.77-2.16 | 1.27 | 0.76-2.12 | ||||
| Other race | 0.91 | 0.77-1.08 | 0.91 | 0.77-1.08 | ||||
| Insurance type | ||||||||
| Medicare | 1.0 | - | <0.001 | 0.0031 | 1.0 | - | <0.001 | 0.0031 |
| Medicaid | 1.12 | 0.81-1.55 | 1.11 | 0.80-1.54 | ||||
| Managed care | 1.13 | 0.88-1.44 | 1.15 | 0.90-1.47 | ||||
| Commercial | 2.46 | 1.89-3.20 | 2.48 | 1.91-3.23 | ||||
| Other | 5.82 | 4.53-7.49 | 5.99 | 4.66-7.70 | ||||
| Uninsured | 1.41 | 0.87-2.24 | 1.56 | 0.99-2.48 | ||||
| Admission type | ||||||||
| Emergency | 1.0 | - | <0.001 | 0.0009 | 1.0 | - | <0.001 | 0.0010 |
| Urgent | 1.13 | 0.96-1.32 | 1.15 | 0.99-1.35 | ||||
| Elective | 1.86 | 1.57-2.19 | 1.95 | 1.65-2.30 | ||||
| Trauma | 1.70 | 0.74-3.92 | 1.76 | 0.76-4.05 | ||||
| ICU admission | 8.08 | 7.09-9.20 | <0.001 | 0.0204 | 7.95 | 6.99-9.05 | <0.001 | 0.0204 |
| LOS (increase by 1 day) | 1.06 | 1.05-1.07 | <0.001 | 0.0027 | 1.06 | 1.05-1.07 | <0.001 | 0.0027 |
| Number of discharges | 1.33 | 1.24-1.42 | <0.001 | 0.0009 | 1.32 | 1.23-1.41 | <0.001 | 0.0010 |
| Therapies | ||||||||
| β-blockers | 0.76 | 0.67-0.86 | 0.011 | 0.0003 | 0.68 | 0.60-0.95 | <0.001 | 0.0006 |
| Corticosteroids | 0.82 | 0.70-0.95 | <0.001 | 0.0001 | 0.82 | 0.70-0.95 | 0.010 | 0.0001 |
| Antibiotics | 0.54 | 0.46-0.63 | <0.001 | 0.0013 | 0.55 | 0.47-0.65 | <0.001 | 0.0012 |
| DCI score | ||||||||
| 0 | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | <0.001 | 0.0010 | |
| 1 | - | - | 1.35 | 1.16-1.58 | ||||
| 2 | - | - | 1.46 | 1.22-1.74 | ||||
| 3 | - | - | 1.54 | 1.25-1.90 | ||||
| 4+ | - | - | 2.18 | 1.80-2.64 | ||||
| Elixhauser comorbidity | ||||||||
| Hypothyroidism | 0.73 | 0.61-0.88 | 0.001 | 0.0002 | - | - | - | |
| Renal failure | 5.12 | 2.29-11.43 | <0.001 | 0.0003 | - | - | - | |
| Metastatic cancer | 3.07 | 2.28-4.13 | <0.001 | 0.0009 | - | - | - | |
| Solid tumor w/out metastasis | 1.72 | 1.33-2.24 | <0.001 | 0.0003 | - | - | - | |
| Weight loss | 2.62 | 2.10-3.26 | <0.001 | 0.0013 | - | - | - | |
| Depression | 0.78 | 0.62-0.98 | 0.034 | 0.0001 | - | - | - | |
*ORs are adjusted for all variables in the table except for DCI scores. The p value for good of fitness Hosmer-Lemeshow test is 0.142, and R-squared value is 0.039.
**ORs are adjusted for all variables in the table except for Elixhauser comorbidities. The p value for good of fitness Hosmer–Lemeshow test is 0.23, and R-squared value is 0.037.