Table 3.

Brain regions involved with mindfulness mechanisms

Frontal cortex[6,10,11,14,16-18,20,25,28,32-36,39]

Lateral frontal cortex[11,16,25]

Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex[16]

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex[11]

Medial frontal cortex[6,10,13,14,17,18,20,25,27,28,33,36]

Anterior cingulate cortex[10,18,20,25,36]

Orbitofrontal cortex[10]

Posterior medial cortex[13,22,29-31,33,36,37]

Posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus[13,22,30,31,33,36,37]

Ventral posteromedial cortex[29]

Insula[6,10,14,18,23,25,32,35,38]

Temporal cortex[28,33]

Temporoparietal junction[29]

Sensorimotor cortex[6,10,28]

Inferior parietal lobule[6,33]

Parahippocampal gyrus[35]

Amygdala[8,12,16,24,32,35,39]

Basal ganglia[22,28]

Thalamus[10]