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. 2014 Jul 26;6(3):278–287. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i3.278

Table 2.

Animal studies for treatment of aortic aneurysmusing mesenchymal stem cells

Experimental AA model Cell source Number of cells Injection time Delivery Efficiency Ref.
ATII-infusion mouse model BM-MSC Cell-sheet Same time as ATII-infusion Implantation of MSC-sheet around infrarenal aorta 4 wk after implantation, inhibition of AA development and growth, and elastin degradation downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α protein expression, and MMP-2 and -9 enzymatic activity Up-regulation of IGF-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression Positive for MSC specific surface marker [51]
ATII-infusion mouse model BM-MSC 1 × 106/every week, 4 times Same time as ATII-infusion iv-administration 4 wk after injection, inhibition of AA development and growth, elastin degradation, Mφ infiltration downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6 and MCP-1 protein expression, and MMP-2 and -9 enzymatic activity Up-regulation of IGF-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression Detection of MSC in the aortic wall [53]
Elastase-perfusion mouse model Placental-MSC 1 × 106 1 d after elastase-perfusion iv injection 2 wk after injection, inhibition of AA expansion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and elastin degradation, downregulation of IL-17, IL-23, INF-γ, TNF-α, RANTES and MCP-1 protein expression Increase of α-SMA expression [54]
Xenograft rat model BM-MSC 1 × 106 Same time as surgical intervention Catheter 1 wk after surgical intervention inhibition of inflammatory cells infiltration and MMP-9 gene expression, and increase of TIMP-1 gene expression, after 4 wk, inhibition of AA expansion, increase of α-SMA expression, elastin and collagen content [56]
Dacron-patch pig model ASC 1 × 106 Same time as surgical intervention Catheter Attenuation of inflammation reaction, detection of ASC 3 wk after surgical intervention [57]
Balloon injury with type 1 collagen and elastase-perfusion porcine model BM-MSC 1 × 106 Same time as balloon-injury Direct injection into aortic wall 72 h after injection, Increase of VEGF-A mRNA expression level 1 wk after injection, detection of GFP-labeled MSC at aortic wall and vWF positive cells formed tubuloluminal structures within outer layer of media and throughout the adventitia [54]

AA: Aortic aneurysm; ATII: Angiotensin II; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; BM-MSC: Bone marrow-derived MSC; iv: Intravenous; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; GFP: Green fluorescent protein; TIMP-1: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinases; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; IL: Interleukin; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor; IFN: Interferon; ASC: Adipose tissue-derived MSC; vWF: von Willebrand factor.