Table 4.
Association of maternal education level, second-hand tobacco smoke (STS), and overweight in 4–6-year-old children with reference to well-educated nonexposed to tobacco smoke mothers.
| Maternal education level and smoking | Overweight cases N (%) |
Adjusted risk of overweight∗ aOR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Mother nonsmoker | ||
| High and no STS∗∗ | 53 (6.6%) | 1 (reference) |
| High and STS | 17 (5.3%) | 0.80 (0.46–1.41) |
| Low and STS | 24 (9.6%) | 1.40 (0.84–2.34) |
| Mother smoker | ||
| High and no STS∗∗ | 53 (6.6%) | 1 (reference) |
| High and STS | 5 (9.1%) | 1.29 (0.49–3.41) |
| Low and STS | 12 (20.7%) | 3.57 (1.76–7.21) |
*Results of stratified multivariate logistic regression models are presented as associations of overweight odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals adjusting for first-year postnatal antibiotic use, low birth weight, and time spent at the computer. ∗∗Reference category is high educated, nonsmokers, and nonexposed to second-hand tobacco smoke (STS) mothers. SES-specific STS effect on overweight is presented in nonsmoker mothers and smoker mothers by educational level.