Table 2.
Associations* between cortisol measures and the presence of chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain (n = 1125)
| OR (95% CI) | P | |
|---|---|---|
|
At awakening | ||
| Sociodemographica |
0.86 (0.75, 0.98) |
0.03 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.83 (0.72, 0.95) |
0.009 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
0.81 (0.70, 0.94) |
0.006 |
|
AUCg | ||
| Sociodemographica |
0.94 (0.83, 1.08) |
0.40 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.91 (0.79, 1.06) |
0.23 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
0.89 (0.76, 1.04) |
0.13 |
|
AUCi | ||
| Sociodemographica |
1.10 (0.97, 1.26) |
0.15 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
1.12 (0.97, 1.30) |
0.12 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
1.10 (0.94, 1.28) |
0.25 |
|
Mean evening level | ||
| Sociodemographica |
0.92 (0.80, 1.05) |
0.21 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.85 (0.72, 0.99) |
0.04 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
0.85 (0.72, 1.00) |
0.05 |
|
Diurnal slope | ||
| Sociodemographica |
0.89 (0.77, 1.02) |
0.10 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.88 (0.76, 1.02) |
0.10 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
0.85 (0.73, 0.99) |
0.04 |
|
Cortisol suppression ratio | ||
| Sociodemographica |
1.02 (0.89, 1.16) |
0.80 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
1.03 (0.90, 1.18) |
0.69 |
| Depression and anxietyc | 1.04 (0.90, 1.20) | 0.57 |
*Based on adjusted logistic regression analyses; OR per 1 SD increase;
At awakening: SD = 6.78, AUCg: SD = 6.87, AUCi: SD = 6.39, mean evening level: SD = 3.43, diurnal slope: SD = 0.45, cortisol suppression ratio: SD = 1.58.
aAdjusted for awakening time, working on day of sampling, month of sampling, ≤6 hours of sleep, age, sex, and years of education.
bAdditionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and chronic diseases; cadditionally adjusted for lifetime depressive/anxiety disorder and antidepressants.