Table 3.
Associations* between cortisol measures and pain intensity and pain disability in subjects with chronic multi-site musculoskeletal pain (n = 471)
| |
Pain intensity |
Pain disability |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beta | P | Beta | P | |
|
At awakening | ||||
| Sociodemographica |
0.05 |
0.32 |
0.01 |
0.86 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.04 |
0.42 |
0.00 |
0.94 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
0.02 |
0.72 |
-0.01 |
0.86 |
|
AUCg | ||||
| Sociodemographica |
0.01 |
0.86 |
-0.05 |
0.28 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
-0.01 |
0.92 |
-0.05 |
0.34 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
-0.03 |
0.54 |
-0.06 |
0.22 |
|
AUCi | ||||
| Sociodemographica |
-0.05 |
0.32 |
-0.06 |
0.21 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
-0.06 |
0.18 |
-0.06 |
0.23 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
-0.07 |
0.15 |
-0.06 |
0.23 |
|
Mean evening level | ||||
| Sociodemographica |
0.00 |
0.99 |
-0.03 |
0.59 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
-0.01 |
0.80 |
-0.01 |
0.81 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
-0.01 |
0.79 |
-0.01 |
0.93 |
|
Diurnal slope | ||||
| Sociodemographica |
0.06 |
0.21 |
0.03 |
0.61 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.05 |
0.29 |
0.01 |
0.78 |
| Depression and anxietyc |
0.03 |
0.57 |
0.00 |
0.94 |
|
Cortisol suppression ratio | ||||
| Sociodemographica |
0.00 |
0.98 |
0.02 |
0.68 |
| Lifestyle & diseaseb |
0.01 |
0.82 |
0.02 |
0.67 |
| Depression and anxietyc | 0.01 | 0.89 | 0.01 | 0.76 |
*Based on adjusted linear regression analyses; aadjusted for awakening time, working on day of sampling, month of sampling, ≤6 hours of sleep, age, sex, and years of education; badditionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, and chronic diseases; cadditionally adjusted for lifetime depressive/anxiety disorder and antidepressants.