Figure 2. β Cells in hIAPP⁺Atg7^Δβcell mice.

(A) H&E staining of pancreas sections and the number of cells detached from surrounding tissues or cells per islet area in 12- to 15-week-old mice (n = 3~6). Scale bar: 100 μm. (B) Confocal microscopy after immunofluorescent staining of pancreas sections from 12- to 15-week-old mice using anti-p62 and -ubiquitin Abs. Scale bar: 100 μm. (C) Relative β cell mass in 12- to 15-week-old mice measured by insulin IHC and the point counting method (n = 3 each). (D) The percentage of apoptotic TUNEL⁺ β cells among total β cells in islets of 12- to 15-week-old mice (n = 4~5). Representative TUNEL staining is shown. Arrowheads indicate TUNEL⁺ β cells. Scale bar: 100 μm. (E) Glucose-induced Ca²⁺ transients in isolated islets (n = 4 each). Ca²⁺ transients were measured in Tyrode solution containing 3.0 or 16.7 mM glucose, as described in the Methods. (F) Δ[Ca²⁺]_c area was defined as the total area of [Ca²⁺]_c above basal [Ca²⁺]_c. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. ns, not significant.