Table 2.
Targeted therapies in psoriasis, either approved or under investigation as of July 2013
| Type | Mechanism of action | Name | Molecular target | Phase | Formulation | Administration route | Company | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biologic | Anti-T cells | Alefacept | CD2 | Approved 2003 (U.S.) | Human LFA-3/IgG1 fusion protein | IM or IV | Biogen | Krueger et al. 2002; Lebwohl et al. 2003a |
| Efalizumab | CD11a | Approved 2003, withdrawn 2009 | Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC | Genentech | Gordon et al. 2003; Lebwohl et al. 2003b; Leonardi et al. 2005; Menter et al. 2005; Gottlieb et al. 2006; Papp et al. 2006 | ||
| Abatacept (BMS188667) | CTLA-4 | Phase II | Human CTLA4–Ig-IgG1 fusion protein | SC or IV | Bristol-Myers Squibb | Bristol-Myers Squibb 2013 | ||
| Anticytokine | Etanercept | TNF | Approved 2004 (U.S. and E.U.) | Human TNF-R (p75)-lgG1 fusion protein | SC | Amgen | Leonardi et al. 2003; Papp et al. 2005; Tyring et al. 2006 | |
| Infliximab | TNF | Approved 2006 (U.S. and E.U.) | Mouse-human IgG1 chimeric monoclonal antibody | IV | Janssen Biotech | Gottlieb et al. 2004; Reich et al. 2005; Menter et al. 2007 | ||
| Adalimumab | TNF | Approved 2007 (E.U.) 2008 (U.S.) | Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC | Abbott | Gordon et al. 2006 ; Menter et al. 2008; Saurat et al. 2008; | ||
| Ustekinumab | IL-12p40 (IL-2, IL-23) | Approved 2009 (U.S. and E.U.) | Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC | Janssen Biotech | Papp et al. 2008; Leonardi et al. 2008b | ||
| Briakinumab (ABT-874) | IL-12p40 (IL-12, IL-23) | Phase III, then discontinued 2011 | Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC | Abbott | Gottlieb et al. 2011; Strober et al. 2011 | ||
| MK-3222 (SCH900222) | IL-23p19 | Phase III | Humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC | Merck | Merck 2013a,b | ||
| Guselkumab (CNTO 1959) | IL-23p19 | Phase II | Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC | Janssen Biotech | Janssen 2013 | ||
| Brodalumab (AMG 827) | IL-17R | Phase III | Human IgG2 monoclonal antibody | SC | Amgen | Papp et al. 2012b; Amgen 2013a,b,c | ||
| Ixekizumab (LY2439821) | IL-17 | Phase III | Humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody | SC | Eli Lilly | Leonardi et al. 2012 ; Eli Lilly 2013a,c,d,e,f | ||
| Secukinumab (AIN457) | IL-17 | Phase III | Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC or IV | Novartis | Novartis 2013b; Papp et al. 2013b; Rich et al. 2013 | ||
| Fezakinumab (ILV-094) | IL-22 | Phase I | Human IgG1 monoclonal antibody | SC or IV | Pfizer | Pfizer 2013 | ||
| Small molecule | PDE4 inhibitor | Apremilast (CC-10004) | PDE4 | Phase III | NA | Oral | Celgene | Papp et al. 2012a; Celgene 2013a,b,c |
| AN2728 | PDE4 | Phase II | NA | Topical | Anacor | Anacor 2013a,b,c,d | ||
| JAK inhibitor | Tofacitinib (CP-690, 550) | JAK1 and JAK3 | Phase II | NA | Oral | Pfizer | Boy et al. 2009; Papp et al. 2012c | |
| Tofacitinib (CP-690, 550) | JAK1 and JAK3 | Phase II | NA | Topical | Pfizer | Ports et al. 2013 | ||
| INCB01824 | JAK1 and JAK2 | Phase II | NA | Topical | Incyte | Punwani et al. 2012 | ||
| INCB039110 | JAK1 | Phase II | NA | Oral | Incyte | Incyte 2013 | ||
| Baricitinib (INCB028050) | JAK1 and JAK2 | Phase II | NA | Oral | Eli Lilly | Eli Lilly 2013b | ||
| PKC inhibitor | AEB071 | PKC | Phase II | NA | Oral | Novartis | Novartis 2013a | |
| A3AR agonist | CF101 | A3AR | Phase II/III | NA | Oral | Can-Fite BioPharma | David et al. 2012; Can-Fite 2013 |
As of mid-2013, there are five biologics approved for the treatment of psoriasis, targeting either T cells or cytokines such as TNF or IL-12/IL-23 (Perera et al. 2012).
LFA, lymphocyte function-associated antigen; IM, intramuscular; IV, intravenous, SC, subcutaneous; A3AR = A3 adenosine receptor; PKC, protein kinase C; PDE4, phosphodiesterase 4; CTLA4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4; NA, not applicable; U.S., United States; E.U., European Union.