Table 3.

Steroid hormone levels achieved in serum during the treatment period of the 4 groups processed for neurobiology studies (reproduced from Bethea et al., 2013 for reader convenience).

Groups Steroid concentrations (mean ± SEM)	Year 1		Year 2
	Castrate	Testosterone	Flutamide+ATD*	DHT+ATD
Castrate 5–7 mo
T (ng/ml)	0.05±0.001	0.04±0.006	0.063±0.008	0.04±0.006
DHT (ng/ml)	0.11±0.02	0.08±0.009	0.178±0.007	0.24±0.053
E (pg/ml)	<5	<5	<5	<5
Mid-Treatment
T (ng/ml)	<0.025	7.85±1.71	1.31±0.52	1.74±0.67
DHT (ng/ml)	0.22±0.15	2.07±0.79	0.31±0.05	19.37±3.69
E (pg/ml)	<5	<5	<5	<5
3 months Treatment
T (ng/ml)	0.347±0.25	7.14±0.98	0.87±0.32	0.88±0.59
DHT (ng/ml)	0.15±0.03	2.93±0.83	0.49±0.049	20.52±5.32
E (pg/ml)	<5	<5	<5	<5

^*Absolute levels of hormones are not informative since the animal was treated with flutamide, a potent androgen antagonist.