Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants
| Total Sample n = 32, 19 female |
Controls n = 16, 10 female |
Relatives n = 16, 9 female |
p Value | Effect Size | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Median | IQR | Mean | SD | Median | IQR | Mean | SD | Median | IQR | |||
| Age* (years) | 43.8 | 13.7 | 49.0 | 27.5 | 41.4 | 14.2 | 46.0 | 27.8 | 46.1 | 13.3 | 53.5 | 26.2 | .25 | .20 |
| Education* (years) | 15.9 | 2.5 | 16.0 | 3.4 | 16.2 | 1.8 | 16.0 | 3.6 | 15.6 | 3.1 | 16.0 | 2.7 | .53 | .08 |
| MPE (years) | 14.9 | 2.7 | 15.5 | 4.4 | 14.1 | 3.4 | 13.5 | 4.0 | 16.1 | 3.5 | 16.0 | 4.6 | .06 | .58 |
| Mean Parental SESa | 1.8 | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | .23 | .47 |
| Premorbid IQb | 109.9 | 7.7 | 110.6 | 10.7 | 109.2 | 8.6 | 111.1 | 13.4 | 110.7 | 6.9 | 110.2 | 11.1 | .59 | .19 |
| PDI* Totalc | 3.4 | 4.5 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.5 | 5.9 | 3.0 | 4.7 | .15 | .26 |
| PDI*c Distress | 8.0 | 20.2 | 3.0 | 5.8 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 4.8 | 11.6 | 27.9 | 3.5 | 8.0 | .28 | .19 |
| PDI*c Preoccupation | 9.4 | 19.7 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 5.5 | 5.8 | 3.0 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 27.1 | 6.0 | 10.7 | .37 | .16 |
| PDI*c Conviction | 10.9 | 13.9 | 8.0 | 10.7 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 5.0 | 9.5 | 14.2 | 17.9 | 10.5 | 14.0 | .19 | .24 |
| State Anxietyd | 31.1 | 9.0 | 30.5 | 12.2 | 29.9 | 7.4 | 28.0 | 13.7 | 32.3 | 10.0 | 28.0 | 13.7 | .44 | .28 |
| Trait Anxietyd | 33.7 | 8.7 | 32.0 | 15.5 | 31.9 | 8.3 | 29.0 | 11.5 | 35.6 | 9.6 | 29.0 | 11.5 | .26 | .41 |
| Depression*e | 4.0 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 4.9 | 1.0 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 8.7 | .18 | .24 |
| Physical Anhedonia*f | 54.1 | 4.4 | 56.0 | 7.0 | 55.3 | 4.5 | 54.0 | 7.7 | 53.0 | 4.2 | 56.5 | 4.5 | .11 | .29 |
| ToM*g (Social Stories) | 13.8 | 1.9 | 14.0 | 2.2 | 13.9 | 1.8 | 14.0 | 2.0 | 13.7 | 2.1 | 14.0 | 3.0 | .84 | .04 |
| ToM*g (Phys. Stories) | 14.3 | 2.3 | 15.0 | 2.2 | 13.6 | 2.8 | 15.0 | 4.0 | 14.9 | 1.4 | 15.0 | 2.0 | .33 | .19 |
| WASI Vocabh | 61.3 | 8.4 | 63.0 | 9.0 | 60.2 | 7.8 | 61.0 | 13.0 | 62.3 | 9.0 | 65.5 | 8.3 | .48 | .25 |
| WASI Block Designh | 55.2 | 10.1 | 55.0 | 15.7 | 54.8 | 8.8 | 53.0 | 16.2 | 55.6 | 11.4 | 55.5 | 26.5 | .82 | .08 |
| Head Motion (mm)*i | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | .81 | .05 |
There were no significant differences between the relative and control groups in any of the demographic variables. Variables exhibiting a non-normal distribution are indicated with an asterisk (*). For non-parametric data, differences between the two groups were assessed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. For normally distributed variables, differences between the two groups were assessed using an independent two-sample Student t-test.
Measured with Hollingshead index
Measured with the Adult North American Reading List
Measured with Peters et al. Delusions Inventory
Measured with Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger et al., 1970)
Measured with Beck Depression Inventory (Beck and Steer, 1987)
Measured with the Chapman Physical Anhedonia Subscale (Chapman et al., 1976)
Measured with Strange Stories (Happe, 1994)
T scores
Mean total vector translation in millimeters
MPE, Mean Parental Education; PDI, Peters et al. Delusions Inventory; Phys., Physical; SES, socioeconomic status; ToM, Theory of Mind; WASI, Wechsler: Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (Wechsler, 1999)