Table 1. Examples of lncRNA associated with hepatocellular carcinoma.
Chromosomal location and transcript size are shown for selected lncRNA involved in hepatocellular carcinoma. lncRNA have been identified to be transcribed from all chromosomes and can be of varying sizes.
| lncRNA | Chromosomal location | Size (Kb) | Potential role in liver cancer | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HULC | Chr6 | 0.5 | Up-regulated in HCC. Higher expression associated with histological grade or HBV | (33, 34, 39) |
| TUC338 | Chr12 | 0.59 | Increased in cirrhosis and HCC. Modulates cell growth | (13) |
| UCA1/CUDR | Chr19 | 1.4 – 2.7 | Chemotherapeutic resistance | (46) |
| HEIH | Chr5 | 1.7 | Associated with HBV-HCC | (40) |
| MEG3 | Chr14 | ~1.8 | De-regulated in HCC, associated with methylation. Predictive biomarker for monitoring epigenetic therapy | (17, 47) |
| H19 | Chr11 | 2.3 | Increased in HCC, or in peritumoral areas Low peritumor/tumor expression correlates with prognosis. Suppression of tumor metastases through miR-220 dependent inhibition of EMT, drug resistance | (48–51) |
| HOTAIR | Chr12 | 2.3 | HCC recurrence after LT. Inhibition reduces invasion, increases chemosensitivity | (41, 42, 52) |
| HOTTIP | Chr 7 | 7.9 | Up-regulated in HCC. Predicts disease outcomes and tumor progression | (31) |
| MALAT-1 | Chr11 | 8.7 | Upregulated in HCC. Associated with cancer metastasis and recurrence | (19, 53) |
| MVIH | Microvascular invasion in HCC. Predicts recurrence-free survival, overall survival | (43) | ||
| LINC-ROR | Chr 18 | 22.8 | Tumor cell survival during hypoxia | (10) |
Kb: kilobases