Table 8.

Functional MRI (fMRI).

	Clinical features				Imaging
	ET and controls, age (SD)		ET	Cri	Tasks	Results ET vs HC		Data analysis
Bucher et al. (1997), 1.5T	12 ET 61.1(11.9)	15 HC 58.2(9.8)	UE	Fin	ET (most effected arm vs rest) and HC (mimicking tremor right arm vs rest)	↑	Bilateral cerebellum Bilateral red nucleus	Whole brain Pcor < 0.05
Cerasa et al. (2010), 1.5T	12 ET 62.2(12.4)	12 HC 59.8(10.7)	UE	D	Stroop task	↑	Left dorsolateral prefrontal, bilateral inferior parietal cortex*	Whole brain FDR Pcor < 0.05
Passamonti et al. (2011), 3T	15 ET 61.6(9.3)	15 HC 60.4(7.3)	UE	D	High vs low load verbal working memory	↑	Cerebellum*	Whole brain Connectivity seed cerebellum FWE Pcor < 0.05
Popa et al. (2013), 3T	11 ET 51.5(11.8)	11 HC 51.8(14.0)	UE, head, voice	D	−	↓	CTC pathways*	rsfMRI connectivity ROI: Cerebellum-MC vs Cerebellum-DBN 1 Hz rTMS Pcor < 0.05
Fang et al. (2013), 3T	20 ET 50.3(14.2)	20 HC 50.3(14.2)	UE, LE, head, voice	L	–	↓	Bilateral cerebellar lobes, bilateral thalamus (mediodorsal and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus), insular lobe*	Regional homogeneity rsfMRI Pcor < 0.05
						↑	Bilateral prefrontal, parietal cortices, left primary cortex*

Cor, multiple comparison corrected; Cri, criteria; CTC, cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathways; cor, multiple comparison corrected; D, Deuschl et al. (1998); DBN, default brain network; EMG, electromyography; ET, essential tremor; FDR, false discovery rate; Fin, Findley et al. (1993); HC, healthy controls; head, head tremor; L, Louis et al. (1998); LE, lower extremity; lSMA, left supplementary motor area; MC, motor cortex; PMA, primary motor area; PSA, primary sensory area; ReHo, regional homogeneity; ROI, region of interest; rs, resting state; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; UE, upper extremity; Punc, multiple comparison uncorrected; voice, voice tremor; vs, versus. ^*Not included in fig. 2