Table II.

Characteristics of patients with Crohn's disease according to smoking behaviour (n = 55)

Characteristic	Smokers (n = 33)	Former smokers (n = 9)	Non-smokers (n = 13)
Gender, n (%):
Female	21 (63.6)	4 (44.4)	7 (53.8)
Age at diagnosis [years]:
Mean ± SD	30.9 ±6.2	31.5 ±4.7	34.4 ±4.7
Median (range)	30.2 (19.0–43.2)	30.1 (26.2–38.0)	33.3 (28.8–45.0)
Early onset (< 40 years), n (%)	31 (93.9)	9 (100.0)	11 (84.6)
Duration of disease [years]:
Mean ± SD	2.5 ±1.5	2.6 ±1.7	2.0 ±1.1
Median (range)	2.0 (0.0–5.5)	3.0 (0.0–5.0)	1.5 (1.5–0.6)
Family history of IBD, n (%)	7 (21.2)	4 (44.4)	6 (46.2)
Hospitalization, n (%):
1 time	12 (36.4)	3 (33.3)	7 (53.8)
At least 2 times	13 (39.4)	3 (33.3)	3 (23.1)
Surgery, n (%):
1 time	10 (30.3)	2 (22.2)	4 (30.8)
At least 2 times	9 (27.3)	2 (22.2)	2 (15.4)
CD location, n (%):
Terminal ileum	12 (36.4)	2 (22.2)	3 (23.1)
Colon	10 (30.3)	5 (55.6)	5 (38.5)
Ileocolon	11 (33.3)	2 (22.2)	2 (15.3)
Upper GI tract	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	3 (23.1), p = 0.04
5-ASA, n (%)	32 (97.0)	8 (88.9)	12 (92.3)
Glucocorticoids, n (%)	26 (78.8)	6 (66.7)	10 (76.9)
Immunosuppressants, n (%)	13 (39.4)	2 (22.2)	2 (23.1)
CD behaviour, n (%):
B1	15 (45.5)	4 (44.4)	7 (53.8)
B2	3 (9.0)	2 (22.2)	5 (38.5)
B3	15 (45.5)	3 (33.3)	1 (7.7), p = 0.05
EIM, n (%)	13 (39.4)	1 (11.1)	3 (23.1)
CDAI, n (%):
< 150	3 (9.1)	4 (44.4), p = 0.05	4 (30.8), p = 0.05
150–220	17 (51.5)	2 (22.3)	5 (38.4)
220–450	12 (36.4)	3 (33.3)	4 (30.8)
> 450	1 (3.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

5-ASA – 5-aminosalicylates, B1 – non-constricturing, non-penetrating, B2 – structuring, B3 – penetrating, CD – Crohn's disease, CDAI – Crohn's disease Activity Index, EIM – extraintestinal manifestations, GI tract – gastrointestinal tract, SD – standard deviation, *p ≤ 0.05 vs. smokers