Table 2.
Effect of diagnostic time periods, comorbidities, and chemotherapy-related toxicities on 5-year risks of cause-specific death
| Five-year risk of death | Censored | Causes of death |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRC |
Circulatory disorders |
Secondary cancer |
Other causes | |||||
| N = 11 322 (24.4%) | N = 18 091 (38.9%) | HR† (95% CI) | N = 8793 (18.9%) | HR† (95% CI) | N = 1607 (3.5%) | HR† (95% CI) | N = 6691 (14.4%) | |
| Diagnostic periods | ||||||||
| 1992–1995 | 1323 (10.2) | 5686 (43.7) | Ref | 3340 (25.7) | Ref | 466 (3.6) | Ref | 2203 (16.9) |
| 1996–2001 | 4954 (23.8) | 8047 (38.7) | 0.94 (0.90–0.97) | 3911 (18.8) | 0.94 (0.88–1.00) | 720 (3.5) | 1.09 (0.93–1.27) | 3186 (15.3) |
| 2002–2004 | 5045 (39.8) | 4358 (34.4) | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) | 1542 (12.2) | 0.80 (0.75–0.87) | 421 (3.3) | 1.42 (1.20–1.68) | 1302 (10.3) |
| Chemotherapy | ||||||||
| No | 6524 (24.3) | 7737 (28.8) | Ref | 6722 (25.0) | Ref | 861 (3.2) | Ref | 5020 (18.7) |
| Yes | 4798 (24.4) | 10 354 (52.7) | 0.78 (0.76–0.82) | 2071 (10.5) | 0.39 (0.36–0.42) | 746 (3.8) | 0.72 (0.61–0.84) | 1671 (8.5) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index | ||||||||
| 0 | 7999 (28.5) | 11 644 (41.5) | Ref | 4281 (15.3) | Ref | 970 (3.5) | Ref | 3153 (11.2) |
| 1 | 2440 (20.7) | 4327 (36.8) | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 2533 (21.5) | 1.69 (1.58–1.80) | 429 (3.6) | 1.35 (1.17–1.55) | 2034 (17.3) |
| 2 | 883 (13.2) | 2120 (31.7) | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 1979 (29.6) | 3.04 (2.81–3.29) | 208 (3.1) | 1.60 (1.34–1.90) | 1504 (22.5) |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Heart disease | ||||||||
| No | 10 275 (27.0) | 15 327 (40.3) | Ref | 6021 (15.8) | Ref | 1342 (3.5) | Ref | 5075 (13.3) |
| Yes | 1047 (12.4) | 2764 (32.7) | 1.12 (1.08–1.17) | 2772 (32.8) | 2.55 (2.40–2.71) | 265 (3.1) | 1.37 (1.17–1.61) | 1616 (19.1) |
| COPD | ||||||||
| No | 10 437 (25.3) | 16 282 (39.5) | Ref | 7690 (18.7) | Ref | 1403 (3.4) | Ref | 5361 (13.0) |
| Yes | 885 (16.6) | 1809 (33.9) | 1.10 (1.04–1.15) | 1103 (20.7) | 1.20 (1.11–1.30) | 204 (3.8) | 1.56 (1.31–1.86) | 1330 (24.9) |
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 9601 (25.0) | 15 244 (39.7) | Ref | 6970 (18.2) | Ref | 1332 (3.5) | Ref | 5226 (13.6) |
| Yes | 1721 (21.2) | 2847 (35.0) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | 1823 (22.4) | 1.36 (1.27–1.46) | 275 (3.4) | 1.19 (1.02–1.40) | 1465 (18.0) |
| Chemo-toxicities | ||||||||
| Hematologicala | ||||||||
| No | 11 099 (24.2) | 17 740 (38.7) | Ref | 8743 (19.1) | Ref | 1577 (3.4) | Ref | 6627 (14.5) |
| Yes | 223 (31.1) | 351 (48.9) | 0.79 (0.70–0.88) | 50 (7.0) | 0.44 (0.30–0.65) | 30 (4.2) | 1.16 (0.78–1.72) | 64 (8.9) |
| Gastricb | ||||||||
| No | 10 562 (24.1) | 16 785 (38.3) | Ref | 8498 (19.4) | Ref | 1510 (3.4) | Ref | 6469 (14.8) |
| Yes | 760 (28.4) | 1306 (48.7) | 0.80 (0.77–0.84) | 295 (11.0) | 0.67 (0.60–0.75) | 97 (3.6) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 222 (8.3) |
| Neurologicc | ||||||||
| No | 11 308 (24.3) | 18 078 (38.9) | Ref | 8786 (18.9) | Ref | 1606 (3.5) | Ref | 6683 (14.4) |
| Yes | 14 (32.6) | 13 (30.2) | 0.91 (0.50–1.64) | 7 (16.3) | 0.90 (0.38–2.17) | 1 (2.3) | 1.20 (0.17–8.53) | 8 (18.6) |
HR adjusted for demographics (age, gender, race, SEER regions), tumor characteristics (tumor grade, tumor stage, tumor site, no. of lymph nodes examined, no. of positive lymph nodes), and propensity score of receiving chemotherapy.
†HR (95% CI): 5-year hazards ratio with 95% confidence interval.
aHematological toxicity includes: neutropenia and thrombocytopenia.
bGastric toxicity includes: nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, stomatitis, gastroenteritis colitis.
cNeurologic toxicity includes: neuropathy and peripheral neuropathy.