Table 2.
Results From Generalized Ordered Logistic Regression Models Predicting Level of Assistive Device (AD) Use in the Home (no AD, cane only, or walker, and/or wheelchair with or without cane), Overall Analysis Sample, Follow-Up Responders and Nonresponder Subsamples at Baseline, and Follow-Up Responders at Follow-Up
| Overall sample, at baseline | Follow-up responders, at baseline | Follow-up nonresponders, at baseline | Follow-up responders, at follow-up | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome level: no ADsa,b | ||||
| Social challenge (lives alone, vs. w/spouse, relative, or nonrelative) | 1.03 [0.69,1.54] | 1.86+ [0.93,3.70] | 0.75 [0.45,1.25] | 0.94 [0.51,1.75] |
| Physical challenge in the home environment—first dimension MCA score | 0.92* [0.85,0.99] | 0.84** [0.73,0.96] | 0.98 [0.89,1.08] | 0.88* [0.78,0.99] |
| Physical performance score, SPPB | 0.64*** [0.59,0.69] | 0.60*** [0.52,0.69] | 0.65*** [0.59,0.73] | 0.72*** [0.65,0.79] |
| Age at baseline | 1.03* [1.00,1.05] | 1.02 [0.98,1.07] | 1.03+ [1.00,1.06] | 1.09*** [1.05,1.14] |
| Black | 0.84 [0.57,1.25] | 0.83 [0.41,1.69] | 0.86 [0.53,1.39] | 1.49 [0.81,2.73] |
| 12 or more years of education | 1.14 [0.78,1.65] | 1.66 [0.88,3.11] | 0.91 [0.57,1.46] | 1.32 [0.76,2.30] |
| BMI bottom tertile | 1.05 [0.68,1.60] | 0.65 [0.29,1.46] | 1.27 [0.75,2.15] | 0.77 [0.40,1.48] |
| BMI top tertile | 1.54+ [1.00,2.38] | 1.38 [0.68,2.80] | 1.73+ [0.98,3.05] | 1.48 [0.76,2.88] |
| Outcome level: cane onlya,b | ||||
| Physical challenge in the home environment—first dimension MCA score | 1.03 [0.84,1.27] | 0.86* [0.77,0.97] | ||
| Physical performance score, SPPB | 0.54*** [0.47,0.61] | 0.47*** [0.36,0.61] | 0.56*** [0.47,0.66] | |
| Black | 0.085* [0.011,0.65] | |||
| Observations | 875 | 441 | 434 | 441 |
| Model Log likelihood | −495.9 | −170.2 | −311.6 | −217.9 |
| Model χ2 | 299.1 | 130.9 | 148.1 | 148.9 |
| Probability > χ 2 | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 | p < .001 |
Notes: SPPB = short physical performance battery; BMI = body mass index; MCA = multiple correspondence analysis.
Coefficients are exponentiated to yield odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals are in brackets, OR [CI].
aThe highest category for the dependent variable is “walker and/or wheelchair use in the home, which may or may not also include cane use.”
bOnly parameter estimates that are unique across levels of the outcome are shown; parameters that are constrained to be equal across levels are shown once (for the lowest outcome level threshold, “No AD”).
+ p < .10. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.