Table 1. Demographics and disease characteristics of the 475 cancer patients.
| Characteristic | Control group [cases (%)] | GPM group [cases (%)] | P |
| Total | 244 | 231 | |
| Sex | 0.546 | ||
| Male | 144 (59.0) | 130 (56.3) | |
| Female | 100 (41.0) | 101 (43.7) | |
| Median age (years) | 51 | 52 | 0.407 |
| Diagnosis | 0.741 | ||
| Lung cancer | 128 (52.4) | 115 (49.8) | |
| Nasopharyngeal carcinoma | 41 (16.8) | 38 (16.4) | |
| Breast cancer | 42 (17.2) | 49 (21.2) | |
| Others | 33 (13.5) | 29 (12.6) | |
| ECOG PS score | 0.433 | ||
| 0 | 14 (5.7) | 19 (8.2) | |
| 1 | 179 (73.4) | 171 (74.0) | |
| 2 | 51 (20.9) | 41 (17.7) | |
| Previous anticancer therapy | 0.466 | ||
| Untreated | 137 (56.1) | 122 (52.8) | |
| Treated | 107 (43.8) | 109 (47.2) | |
| Bone metastatic lesions | 0.135 | ||
| Multiple | 168 (68.8) | 144 (62.3) | |
| Non-multiple | 76 (31.1) | 87 (37.7) | |
| ALP level | 0.212 | ||
| Normal | 95 (38.9) | 103 (44.6) | |
| Abnormal | 149 (61.1) | 128 (55.4) | |
| LDH level | 0.175 | ||
| Normal | 99 (40.6) | 108 (46.8) | |
| Abnormal | 145 (59.4) | 123 (53.2) |
GPM, the Good Pain Management Ward Program; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.