Table 1.
A summary of representative preclinical studies on the anticancer effects of curcumin against pancreatic cancer
| Reported molecular targets |
Curcumin dose required for the reported effects |
|
| in vitro (μmol/L) | in vivo | |
| NF-κB↓ (Ref. 14) | ≥ 5.4 | NA |
| NF-κB↓, cyclin-D1↓ | ≥ 25 | 1 g/kg per day, po |
| c-myc↓, Bcl-2↓ | ||
| Bcl-xL↓, cIAP-1↓ | ||
| MMP↓, COX2↓ | ||
| VEGF↓ (Ref. 36) | ||
| NF-κB↓, Sp-1, Sp-3, Sp4↓ | ≥ 25 | 100 mg/kg per day, intraperitoneal injection |
| cyclin-D1↓, survivin↓ | ||
| VEGF↓ (Ref. 27) | ||
| NF-κB↓, PGE2↓ | ≥ 4 | NA |
| VEGF↓, miR-21↓ | ||
| miR-200↑ (Ref. 28) | ||
cIAP1: Cellular inhibitor of apoptosis portein-1; MMP: Matrix metalloproteinase; COX2: Cyclooxygenase-2; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; NA: Not available.