Table 1.
Types of non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer and their functions
| Types | Name | Expression profile | Related biological function |
| Short ncRNAs | |||
| miRNAs | Let-7[117] | Up | Downregulates STAT3 phosphorylation |
| miR-15/16[17,18] | Up | Promoting tumor angiogenesis | |
| miR-34a[29] | Down | Inactivates p53 and modulates pancreatic cancer pathogenesis | |
| miR-132[88] | Down | Transcribed by RNA polymerase II and promoter methylation | |
| miR-200[36] | Down | Leading to drug resistance | |
| miR-421[30,31] | Up | Suppresses expression of DPC4/Smad | |
| piRNAs | pi-651[42] | Up? | piRNAs target transposon repression and DNA methylation |
| snoRNAs | U50, SNORD[46,118] | Up? | |
| Long ncRNAs | |||
| lincRNAs | PPP3CB/MAP3K1 4/DAPK1 loci | Up | Metastases associated with the MAPK pathway[69] |
| HOTAIR[73] | Up | Associates with the polycomb repressive complex 2 | |
| Other lncRNAs | HSATII (satellite repeat RNAs)[70] | Up | Reflect global alterations in heterochromatin silencing |
HOTAIR: Homeobox transcript antisense RNA; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.