Table 3. Results of Mantel tests of association between profile view face pattern distinctiveness and species recognition classification matrices, and the geographic matrices.

face pattern matrix	geographic matrix	Mantel r	P no phylogenetic correction	P Arnold et al. tree	P Guschanski et al. tree
mean face based distance	degree of sympatry	0.0152	0.4158	0.5554	0.5734
	range overlap	0.0298	0.3414	0.4984	0.5514
exemplar based distance	degree of sympatry	0.0233	0.3745	0.7685	0.6412
	range overlap	0.0409	0.2825	0.2348	0.2162
recognition rate	degree of sympatry	0.0696	0.1507	0.1534	0.1524
	range overlap	0.1148	0.0402*	0.0455*	0.0397*

Asterisks denote significance;

^*P < 0.05,

^**P < 0.01.