Primary neonatal mixed glial cells were co-treated with various doses of CGRP (0, 25, 100, 1000 or 4000 ng ml−1) and stimulatory anti-CD40 (0, 0.1, 1 or 10 μg ml−1) for 24 or 48 h (A–D). Supernatants were collected and analyzed for IL-6 (A and B) and CCL2 (C and D) production via ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 4 per group). P values from two-way ANOVA analyses are shown within selected graphs (details in the text). Within each graph, * indicates the significant differences between the indicated group and the corresponding control group that received 0 ng ml−1 CGRP, but the same anti-CD40 treatment; while # indicates the significant differences between the indicated group and the corresponding control group that received no anti-CD40 but the same CGRP treatment.