Table 3.

Characteristics of studies and systems: nonelectronic.

System method	Characteristics of the system					Characteristics of the study						Results On represcription after the occurrence of an ADE	Reference
	Documentation of ADE				Availability ADE information	Country	Design	Setting	Population
	By whom	When	How	O/V^					N = Baseline/intervention	Mean age	Gender %F
Allergy bracelets and allergy field on drug order	Pharmacy (gets information from physician and nurse)	At admission	A red bracelet for people with an allergy: patient name and medicine on it. Introduction of an allergy field on each drug order	O	Inside hospital	Canada	Pre-post intervention	General hospital	NR	NR	NR	No results	Liguori [1967]
ADE labels	Physician Pharmacist Nurse	During admission	ADE labels on the cover of medical records or drug charts	V	Inside hospital	Australia	Retrospective	Hospital	587 records reviewed	NR	NR	In 31 (20%) of identified ADRs patients were represcribed the culprit medicine despite a ADR label.	Dartnell et al. [1994]
Interview by pharmacist	Pharmacist	Within 24 hours after admission	After an interview by the pharmacist a note was made in the medical record and the allergy label on front was corrected	O	Inside hospital	USA	Descriptive	14 Wards and one outpatient clinic of a hospital	195 patients	NR Range 17-87	64	No results	Pilzer et al. [1996]
Bracelets and allergy box on drug charts	Nurse (bracelets) Pharmacist (allergy box)	At admission	White identification bracelets for every patient and red bracelets for allergic patients. Red allergy box on front of drug chart.	O	Inside hospital	UK	Two cross-sectional studies, pre-post intervention	436-Bed general hospital	186/250 patients	66.8/68.7	62.9/54	No results	Ismail et al. [2008]
Allergy information on drug charts and note in medical record	Physician	Before prescription	Allergy information on drug charts and note in medical record	O	Inside hospital	UK	Descriptive	2 Oncology wards of a university hospital	NR	NR	NR	No results	Mawby [2006]

ADE, adverse drug event; NR, not reported.

^{^}V, voluntary; O, obligatory.