Table 2:

Components of metabolic syndrome

Population Specific cut off points for waist circumference
	Male	Female
Europeans	≥94cm	≥80cm
South Asians	≥90cm	≥80cm
Japanese	≥85cm	≥90cm
Sub-Sahara Africa	≥94cm	≥80cm
Abnormal Body Fat
General body fat distribution
Central fat distribution
Liver fat content/ myocellular fat
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia
↑ Triglyceride
↓ HDL-C
↑ Small dense LDL particles
Dysglycemia
IFG, IGT
Insulin Resistance
↑ Fasting insulin/pro-insulin
Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance Elevated free fatty acids
Vascular Dysregulation
Hypertension
Measurement of endothelial dysfunction
Microalbuminuria
Chronic renal disease
Pro-inflammatory States
↑ High-sensitivity CRP
↑ inflammatory cytokines (IL-6)
Prothrombotic States
Fibrinolytic factors (Plasminogen activator inhibitor) Clotting factors (fibrinogen)
Others
Activation of the corticosteroid axis, polycystic ovarian syndrome
Hyperuricemia, elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine
Non-alcoholic fatty liver/steatohepatitis, obstructive sleep apnea