Table 3.

Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Associations Between Total Energy Expenditure and Meeting American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ Guidelines During Early Pregnancy, Mid-pregnancy, and Late Pregnancy and Small for Gestational Age

Variables	SGA†					P
	Early Pregnancy	P	Mid-pregnancy	P	Late Pregnancy
	Odds Ratio (95% CI)		Odds Ratio (95% CI)		Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Total energy expenditure (MET-hrs/wk)a,c
1st quartile	Referent		Referent		Referent
2nd quartile	0.8 (0.4, 1.5)	0.51	0.8 (0.42, 1.59)	0.56	2.2 (1.1, 4.3)	0.02
3rd quartile	1.0 (0.5, 1.8)	0.89	0.9 (0.46, 1.66)	0.75	1.8 (0.9, 3.5)	0.11
4th quartile	0.8 (0.3, 1.7)	0.53	1.2 (0.50, 2.70)	0.73	3.0 (1.4, 6.7)	0.007
P-trend	0.66		0.42		0.07
Met College guidelinesa,b
Yes	1.2 (0.8, 1.9)	0.35	0.8 (0.5, 1.2)	0.29	0.9 (0.6, 1.4)	0.61
No	Referent		Referent		Referent

^†Birth weight less than 10th percentile given gestational age and sex.²³

^aAdjusted for gravidity, maternal age, race or ethnicity, educational status, household income, prepregnancy BMI, and prenatal smoking status and mean total energy expenditure during pregnancy.

^bMeeting American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ guidelines of ≥7.5 MET-hrs/week in sports/exercise activities of moderate-intensity or greater during periods of pregnancy.

^cMedians of MET-hrs/wk by period of pregnancy and quartile: Early pregnancy - 110.9 (1^st quartile); 161.0 (2^nd quartile); 217.4 (3^rd quartile); 337.8 (4^th quartile). Mid-pregnancy: 97.9 (1^st quartile); 144.0 (2^nd quartile); 191.2 (3^rd quartile); 286.6 (4^th quartile). Late pregnancy: 85.8 (1^st quartile); 135.0 (2^nd quartile); 180.3 (3^rd quartile); 270.2 (4^th quartile).

SGA, small for gestational age; CI, confidence interval; MET, metabolic equivalent task; College, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.