Table 1.

Mean ranking (±standard deviation) for proficiency by modality for both L1 and L2 for bilingual participants.

	Young Adults (n = 51)		Older Adults (n = 36)
	L1	L2	L1	L2
Auditory Comprehension	5.00 ± 0.00	4.72 ± 0.50	4.97 ± 0.17	4.86 ± 0.42
Reading	4.94 ± 0.24	4.54 ± 0.65	4.92 ± 0.28	4.83 ± 0.38
Speaking	4.92 ± 0.27	4.40 ± 0.67	4.92 ± 0.28	4.83 ± 0.38
Writing	4.76 ± 0.47	4.15 ± 0.87	4.78 ± 0.48	4.69 ± 0.47

Ranking followed a 5 point Likert scale (1 = no ability; 5 = native-like ability).