Table 2.
Young adult demographic, neuropsychological, executive function, and language task performance (mean ± standard deviation).
|
Anglophone (n = 40; 15 males) |
Francophone (n = 30; 10 males) |
Bilingual (n = 51; 18 males) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21.48 ± 1.50 | 21.80 ± 2.47 | 21.49 ± 2.26 |
| Education (years) | 15.55 ± 1.13 | 15.13 ± 1.38 | 15.49 ± 1.47 |
| Coefficient of Variablity | |||
| L1 | 0.21 ± 0.09 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.27 ± 0.13 |
| L2 | NA | NA | 0.28 ± 0.12 |
| MoCA(/30) | 28.60 ± 1.26 | 28.30 ± 1.73 | 28.04 ± 1.64 |
| WCST (categories;/6) | 4.40 ± 0.78 | 4.70 ± 0.47 | 4.47 ± 1.12 |
| Digit Span | |||
| Forward (/16) | 10.98 ± 1.99 | 12.20 ± 2.19 | 11.41 ± 2.37 |
| Reverse (/14) | 6.98 ± 2.07 | 8.40 ± 2.66 | 7.80 ± 2.49 |
| SART | |||
| Reaction Time | 348.01 ± 82.90 | 429.76 ± 129.87 | 354.90 ± 69.20 |
| Errors | 4.58 ± 3.38 | 3.45 ± 2.38 | 4.88 ± 4.39 |
| Simon Task | |||
| Control | 400.09 ± 62.76 | 425.30 ± 103.18 | 396.64 ± 50.93 |
| Reverse | 503.26 ± 102.15 | 488.62 ± 96.97 | 491.24 ± 91.07 |
| Conflict | 561.21 ± 89.94 | 527.92 ± 48.26 | 549.65 ± 65.15 |
| Congruent | 558.21 ± 86.04 | 532.56 ± 44.92 | 549. 41 ± 62.65 |
| Incongruent | 564.59 ± 97.02 | 523.29 ± 53.75 | 549.93 ± 71.09 |
| Stroop | |||
| WR (/120) | 110.13 ± 16.24 | 115.23 ± 15.86 | 105.02 ± 16.97 |
| CN (/120) | 78.85 ± 14.02 | 86.77 ± 14.37 | 76.39 ± 11.24 |
| ICN (/120) | 53.18 ± 12.02 | 48.67 ± 8.26 | 54.00 ± 11.07 |
| WR-ICN | 56.95 ± 10.77 | 66.57 ± 14.72 | 51.92 ± 19.00 |
| CN-ICN | 25.67 ± 7.00 | 38.1 ± 11.86 | 22.39 ± 9.53 |
| Verbal Fluency | |||
| FAS | 39.95 ± 12.83 | 38.27 ± 8.26 | 37.24 ± 10.26 |
| Animals | 25.02 ± 5.90 | 23.00 ± 5.07 | 23.96 ± 5.77 |
| BNT(/60) | 53.20 ± 3.44 | 49.40 ± 4.55 | 46.92 ± 9.85 |
ICN = incongruent colour naming; CN = colour naming; WR = word reading.