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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sch Psychol Q. 2013 Nov 25;29(1):21–37. doi: 10.1037/spq0000037

Table 4. Academic deficit area(s) of students meeting and not meeting LD criteria according to PSW methods.

Area of Deficit C/DM < 85
N (%)
C/DM < 90
N (%)
XBA < 85
N (%)
XBA < 90
N (%)

Basic reading Reading fluency Reading comprehension
yes yes yes 1 (0.7) 3 (2.1) 0 0
yes yes no 4 (2.8) 4 (2.8) 1 (0.7) 2 (1.4)
yes no yes 1 (0.7) 3 (2.1) 2 (1.4) 2 (1.4)
yes no no 5 (3.6) 7 (5) 6 (4.3) 8 (5.8)
no yes yes 0 3 (2.1) 0 0
no no yes 19 (13.7) 32 (23) 5 (3.6) 12 (8.6)
no yes no 11 (7.9) 14 (10.1) 10 (7.1) 10 (7.1)
no no no 98 (70.5) 73 (52.5) 115 (82.7) 105 (75.5)

Total meeting criteria: 41 (29.5) 66 (47.5) 24 (17.3) 34 (24.5)

Note: Basic reading based on performance on Woodcock Johnson-Third Edition Basic Reading Composite; reading fluency based on performance on Test of Word Reading Efficiency; reading comprehension based on Woodcock Johnson- Third Edition Passage Comprehension subtest.