Fig. 1.

Relaxation pathways of an organic singlet excited state (molecule*), and factors that affect the rates of these pathways. Environmental factors and specific molecular interactions are shaded light gray and light purple, respectively. Factors: T – temperature; I – ionic strength; ε - dielectric constant; η - viscosity; Mⁿ⁺ - metal ion; α – hydrogen bond donor; β - hydrogen bond acceptor; RXN – chemical reaction. Pathways: PT – proton transfer; e⁻T – electron transfer; IC – internal conversion; FL – fluorescence; ISC – intersystem crossing; E_nT – energy transfer; ISO – (photo)isomerization.