Table 2.
Leaf morphological traits for the seven studied Q. ilex provenances (the numbers in parentheses correspond to the site codes used in Table 1 and Fig. 1)
| Variable | Categories* | Cazorla (1) | Ciudad Real (2) | Soria (3) | Gerona (4) | Veneto (5) | Lazio (6) | Sardinia (7) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf length (cm) | – | 2·5 ± 0·1a | 1·9 ± 0·0b | 1·7 ± 0·1b | 4·0 ± 0·1c | 5·1 ± 0·3d | 6·1 ± 0·1e | 4·3 ± 0·1c |
| Leaf length/width ratio | – | 1·6 ± 0·1a | 1·6 ± 0·1a | 1·2 ± 0·1b | 1·7 ± 0·1a | 2·1 ± 0·1c | 2·3 ± 0·0d | 2·1 ± 0·1c |
| No. of pairs of secondary veins | – | 8·2 ± 0·2a | 5·2 ± 0·1b | 5·0 ± 0·2b | 6·6 ± 0·1c | 9·6 ± 0·2d | 10·1 ± 0·2d | 8·0 ± 0·2a |
| Petiole length (mm) | – | 3·7 ± 0·2ab | 2·6 ± 0·1c | 3·1 ± 0·2ac | 3·8 ± 0·2b | 6·6 ± 0·3d | 10·0 ± 0·3e | 5·6 ± 0·2f |
| Shape (%) | F e | 79 | 67 | 31 | 56 | 69 | 96 | 76 |
| F ov | 18 | 7 | 3 | 40 | 31 | 4 | 13 | |
| F or | 4 | 27 | 66 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 12 | |
| Margin (%) | M en | 14 | 40 | 37 | 44 | 79 | 43 | 76 |
| M pse | 0 | 20 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 36 | 24 | |
| M se | 86 | 40 | 57 | 56 | 14 | 21 | 0 | |
| Teeth (%) | T sp | 86 | 53 | 87 | 100 | 14 | 0 | 44 |
| T nsp | 14 | 27 | 7 | 0 | 79 | 64 | 32 | |
| T nt | 0 | 20 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 36 | 24 | |
| Apex (%) | A sp | 82 | 47 | 20 | 100 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
| A pa | 0 | 33 | 53 | 0 | 100 | 100 | 60 | |
| A rt | 18 | 20 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | |
| Course of secondary veins (%) | CV s | 18 | 33 | 17 | 40 | 38 | 43 | 40 |
| CV c | 82 | 50 | 77 | 60 | 59 | 21 | 56 | |
| CV sc | 0 | 17 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 36 | 4 | |
| Secondary venation (%) | SV wb | 0 | 20 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 36 | 24 |
| SV mc | 43 | 40 | 37 | 44 | 76 | 64 | 76 | |
| SV cr | 57 | 40 | 57 | 56 | 17 | 0 | 0 |
Values of quantitative traits are shown as means ± s.e. Different letters indicate significant differences among provenances (Tukey test, P < 0·05).
Qualitative traits are expressed as percentage of leaves included in each category. Variables corresponding to leaf shape: elliptic (F e), ovate (F ov) and orbiculate (F or) leaf; entire (M en), partially serrate (M pse) and serrate (M se) margin types; sharply pointed (T sp) or not sharply pointed (T nsp) teeth and no teeth (T nt); sharply pointed (A sp), pointed–acute (A pa) and rounded–truncate (A rt) apex shape; straight (CV s), curved (CV c) and straight–curved (CV sc) secondary veins; weak brochidodromous (SV wb), mixed craspedodromous (SV mc) and craspedodromous (SV cr) secondary venation.
Categories are shown only in the case of categorical variables (qualitative traits).