Figure 3.

Mean change in scores for all outcome measures. Circles indicate changes in control group scores, and squares indicate changes in the trained group scores. Increase in score indicates improvement on all measures. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. HHIE = Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly; CSOA-S = Communication Scale for Older Adults; CSOA-A = Communication Scale for Older Adults attitudes subscale; SPAN = Listening Span; STROOP = Stroop Color Word Test; Quick SIN 45 = Quick Speech-in-noise at 45 dB HL; Quick SIN 70 = Quick Speech-in-noise at 70 dB HL; HINT = Hearing-in-Noise Test.