Table 2.

Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on blood pressure

Study	Abused Agent	Dosage (mg/week)	Subjects, Age (years) Users Ex-Users Controls	Blood Pressure (mm Hg)
				Users Systolic Diastolic	Ex-Users Systolic Diastolic	Controls Systolic Diastolic
D’Andrea et al61,||	—	525 (90)	20, 35 ± 3	140 ± 7	—	131 ± 9
			—	84 ± 4	—	81 ± 5
			25, 34 ± 3
De Piccoli et al62	—	—	14, 26 ± 5	142 ± 11	140 ± 10	136 ± 12
			9, 26 ± 5	83 ± 5	83 ± 5	87 ± 9
			14, 26 ± 4
Di Bello et al59	Testosterone propionate	300–500	10, 33 ± 3	135 ± 19	—	138 ± 8
	Methenolone enanthate	300–600	—	89 ± 12‡	—	87 ± 8
	Testosterone cypionate	200–350	10, 30 ± 7
Hartgens et al63,||	Nandrolone decanoate	20–250	17, 32 ± 7	139 ± 13	—	134 ± 8
	Stanozolol	30–140	—	85 ± 12	—	81 ± 7
			15, 33 ± 5
Karila et al64,||	—	770 (310)	16, 30 ± 5	131 ± 13	—	131 ± 13
			—	76 ± 10	—	77 ± 9
			15, 26 ± 3
Krieg et al65,||	—	820 (620)	14, 36 ± 7	135 ± 10	—	130 ± 5
			—	85 ± 5	—	85 ± 5
			11, 36 ± 11
Kuipers et al66	Nandrolone decanoate	200–400	7	134 ± 14	—	127 ± 11
	Testosterone	2000	—	86 ± 14	—	74 ± 8
	Stanozolol	150–300	6
Lane et al42	Testosterone		10, 27 ± 7	119 ± 7	121 ± 7	125 ± 13
	Nandrolone		8, 32 ± 7	81 ± 4	67 ± 18	72 ± 14
	Stanozolol		10, 24 ± 4
Lenders et al14,||	Methenolone	385–690	20, 26 ± 8	121 ± 2†	119 ± 2†	114 ± 2
	Testosterone	310–360	42, 28 ± 7	74 ± 2	72 ± 1	71 ± 2
	Oxymetholone	580–650	13, 28 ± 5
Nottin et al67	—		6, 41 ± 6	132 ± 10	—	122 ± 11
			—	87 ± 8	—	77 ± 12
			9, 38 ± 6
Palatini et al38,||	Testosterone enanthate and propionate	50–1,500	10, 27 ± 8	124 ± 14	—	128 ± 11
	Stanozolol	50–150	—	80 ± 14	—	74 ± 7
			14, 28 ± 5
Riebe et al60,||	Stanozolol	110–200	9, 25 ± 4	133 ± 8†	—
	Testosterone	250–400	—	83 ± 7	—	123 ± 10
	Nandrolone decanoate	200–400	10, 28 ± 4			77 ± 7
Sader et al13	Stanozolol		10, 37 ± 3	127 ± 3	—	119 ± 4
	Nandrolone		—	74 ± 5	—	71 ± 5
	Creatine		10, 34 ± 3
Urhausen et al43,||	—	1,030	17, 31 ± 5	140 ± 10*,§	130 ± 5	125 ± 10
			15, 38 ± 7	85 ± 10	85 ± 5	80 ± 10
			15, 28 ± 5

Data are expressed as ranges, numbers, or mean ± SD. The control group included bodybuilders who denied AAS abuse.

^*p <0.05 versus ex-users;

^†p <0.05,

^‡p <0.01, and

^§p <0.001 versus controls.

^||Other unspecified AAS abused.