Table 1. Characteristics of the Studies Included in the Meta-analysis of Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae with Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Author	Population	Design	C.P. Detection	Group	n	Age (years)	Male (%)	Smoking (%)	Type of case/control
Robman [15]	Australian	Nested case–control	ELISA	AMD	197	74.8±7.90	40.6%	51.3%	80.7% early +19.3% advanced AMD
				control	433	72.8±8.10	41.8%	50.1%	Age, smoking matched
Ishida [11]	Japanese	Case-control	ELISA	AMD	27	71.1±6.4	70.4%	NA	choroidal neovascularization
				control	22	69.5±6.5	54.5%	NA	Age matched, >60 years
Kalayoglu [10]	USA	Case-control	ELISA	AMD	25	78.8±6.2	96%	64%	Early + advanced AMD
				control	18	68.7±7.7	100%	33%	>55 years old
Miller [14]	USA	Case-control	ELISA	AMD	83	78.2	55.3%	74.7%	Advanced AMD
				control	67	71.6	51.7%	73.1%	>50 years old
Klein [31]	USA	Nested case-control	ELISA	AMD	188	Matched	40%	16%	75% early +25% advanced AMD
				control	195		41%	17%	Age, smoking matched
Haas [32]	Austrian	Case-control	ELISA	AMD	75	77.0±7.3	45.3%	NA	9.3% early +90.7% advanced AMD
				control	75	76.5±6.5	50.6%	NA	>55 years old
Shen D [35]	USA	Case-control	PCR	AMD	148	79±8	47.3%	NA	Advanced AMD
				control	162	66±11	43.2%	NA	Not mention
Turgut [33]	Turkey	Case-control	ELISA	AMD	40	67.4	62.5%	NA	Early + advanced AMD
				control	20	66.5	50%	NA	Age and sex match
Khandhadia [34]	UK	Case-control	MIF	AMD	199	78.3±8.2	27.1%	NA	26.7% early +73.3% advanced AMD
				control	100	75.6±8.4	44.0%	NA	>50 years old

AMD: age related macular degeneration; n: number; USA: United States of America; UK: United Kingdom; NA: not available; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; MIF: Microimmunofluorescence; C.P. Chlamydia pneumoniae.