Table 2.
Associations between Health Literacy Measures and Functional Health Status
| Health Literacy |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Health Status | Adequate Mean ± SD | Marginal Mean ± SD | Inadequate Mean ± SD | |
| TOFHLA | ||||
| Physical function | 85.3 ± 15.4 | 77.9 ± 19.3 | 71.0 ± 19.7 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 12.2 ± 5.3 | 13.6 ± 6.7 | 16.3 ± 7.7 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 14.9 ± 5.6 | 15.3 ± 5.9 | 16.7 ± 6.1 | 0.02 |
| REALM | ||||
| Physical function | 84.5 ± 16.2 | 77.7 ± 17.9 | 71.2 ± 20.4 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 12.4 ± 5.7 | 14.1 ± 6.7 | 14.9 ± 7.4 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 15.0 ± 5.7 | 15.7 ± 5.8 | 15.6 ± 5.9 | 0.39 |
| NVS | ||||
| Physical function | 87.0 ± 14.2 | 81.8 ± 17.4 | 74.6 ± 19.4 | <0.001 |
| Depression | 11.8 ± 5.0 | 12.6 ± 5.6 | 15.0 ± 7.4 | <0.001 |
| Anxiety | 14.6 ± 5.7 | 15.0 ± 5.6 | 16.3 ± 5.9 | 0.003 |
Higher score for physical function = better physical function (range 0–100); higher score for depression = increased depression (range 8–40); higher score for anxiety = increased anxiety (range 7–35).