Table 2.
Performance on Indicators of Quality of Schizophrenia Care, by State and Race/Ethnicity (2002–2008)
| Indicator |
California (N = 139,065) |
Florida (N = 25,146) |
New York (N = 120,704) |
North Carolina (N = 40,458) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Race | Black | Latino | White | Black | Latino | White | Black | Latino | White | Black | Latino | White |
| Number of person-episodes | 39,917 | 24,976 | 74,172 | 7,907 | 7,007 | 10,232 | 48,652 | 26,664 | 45,388 | 24,122 | 528 | 15,808 |
| Any antipsychotic use | 91 (100) | 94 (100) | 93 (100) | 95 (100) | 96 (100) | 95 (100) | 91 (100) | 91 (100) | 92 (100) | 91 (100) | 94 (100) | 95 (100) |
| Any clozapine use | 4.0 (91) | 6.8 (94) | 9.2 (93) | 2.8 (95) | 3.3 (96) | 8.6 (95) | 4.7 (91) | 4.8 (91) | 12 (92) | 4.2 (91) | 13 (94) | 8.3 (95) |
| Adequate clozapine treatment | ||||||||||||
| Duration only* | 85 (4) | 84 (7) | 89 (9) | 79 (3) | 84 (3) | 86 (9) | 83 (5) | 84 (5) | 91 (12) | 89 (4) | 89 (13) | 87 (8) |
| Duration and dose | 72 (4) | 67 (7) | 74 (9) | 63 (3) | 65 (3) | 69 (9) | 64 (5) | 65 (5) | 71 (12) | 73 (4) | 45 (13) | 64 (8) |
| Antipsychotic polypharmacy | 21 (91) | 23 (94) | 25 (93) | 21 (95) | 20 (96) | 23 (95) | 18 (91) | 17 (91) | 21 (92) | 18 (91) | 23 (94) | 21 (95) |
| Any use, long acting injectable antipsychotic | 12 (91) | 13 (94) | 12 (93) | 25 (95) | 10 (96) | 15 (95) | 15 (91) | 9 (91) | 13 (92) | 29 (91) | 16 (94) | 14 (95) |
| Full antipsychotic adherence (≥.8) | 60 (86) | 69 (91) | 76 (91) | 60 (91) | 71 (94) | 76 (94) | 63 (86) | 66 (88) | 77 (90) | 60 (86) | 65 (90) | 74 (92) |
| Number of person-episodes | 39,917 | 24,976 | 74,172 | 7,907 | 7,007 | 10,232 | 48,652 | 26,664 | 45,388 | 24,122 | 528 | 15,808 |
| Low antipsychotic adherence (≤.5) | 22 (86) | 14 (91) | 11 (91) | 21 (91) | 12 (94) | 11 (94) | 20 (86) | 16 (88) | 11 (90) | 24 (86) | 17 (90) | 13 (92) |
| Above-range dose, first-generation antipsychotic* | 42 (1.9) | 39 (1.9) | 42 (1.7) | 57 (4.6) | 57 (2.5) | 45 (3.6) | 34 (2.3) | 27 (1.6) | 30 (2.3) | 45 (1.7) | 60 (1) | 30 (1.4) |
| Any receipt psychosocial services | 86 (100) | 88 (100) | 88 (100) | 63 (100) | 62 (100) | 66 (100) | 49 (100) | 43 (100) | 47 (100) | 78 (100) | 83 (100) | 81 (100) |
| Psychosocial visits among users* | 34 [50.9] | 30 [44.7] | 32 [46.8] | 51 [69.7[ | 19 [40.3] | 38 [60.9] | 75 [80.1] | 62 [76.2] | 67 [74.9] | 58 [74.6] | 61 [69.0] | 54 [72.2] |
| Routine receipt of psychotherapy | 22 (100) | 24 (100) | 23 (100) | 8.4 (100) | 16 (100) | 13 (100) | 2.5 (100) | 4.1 (100) | 4.4 (100) | 13 (100) | 18 (100) | 17 (100) |
| Routine psychiatric care | 52 (100) | 54 (100) | 58 (100) | 50 (100) | 65 (100) | 55 (100) | 65 (100) | 72 (100) | 74 (100) | 70 (100) | 75 (100) | 73 (100) |
| ≥4 Emergency Department visits | 1.4 (100) | 0. 8 (100) | 1.1 (100) | 0.09 (100) | 0.03 (100) | 0.07 (100) | 0.1 (100) | 0.07 (100) | 0.1 (100) | 0.6 (100) | 1.0 (100) | 0.3 (100) |
| ≥3 Inpatient admissions or ≥30 inpatient days | 7.2 (100) | 5.8 (100) | 5.2 (100) | 11 (100) | 6.6 (100) | 10 (100) | 12 (100) | 8.7 (100) | 8.5 (100) | 2.5 (100) | 1.1 (100) | 3.0 (100) |
| Number of person-episodes | 39,917 | 24,976 | 74,172 | 7,907 | 7,007 | 10,232 | 48,652 | 26,664 | 45,388 | 24,122 | 528 | 15,808 |
| Timely follow-up post discharge (7 days) | 2.5 (24) | 3.1 (22) | 2.8 (19) | 20 (34) | 26 (20) | 20 (30) | 4.7 (28) | 5.6 (22) | 6.6 (22) | 35 (15) | 42 (17) | 39 (16) |
| Timely follow-up post discharge (30 days) | 5.9 (24) | 7.2 (22) | 7.5 (19) | 32 (34) | 50 (20) | 36 (30) | 8.7 (28) | 11 (22) | 12 (22) | 62 (15) | 73 (17) | 69 (16) |
Note. Entries are percentages for dichotomous variables; means [SD] for continuous variables. Number in parentheses is percent of person-episodes eligible for indicator.
*
Indicator not included in item response theory model.