Table 2.

Logistic Model Predicting Likelihood of Providing Any Observation Care

	Odds Ratio
Hospital characteristics
Bed count
6–24	0.459* (0.164)
25–49	0.421** (0.102)
50–99	0.471** (0.122)
200–299	1.313 (0.221)
300–399	1.423 (0.425)
400–499	1.610 (0.487)
500+	1.536 (0.462)
Medical school affiliation	0.968 (0.177)
Critical access hospital	0.034** (0.010)
Freestanding emergency dept.	0.867 (0.434)
Freestanding outpatient clinic	1.139 (0.154)
Outpatient surgery unit	1.514 (0.347)
Urgent care clinic	1.088 (0.198)
Ownership type
Government, non-federal	0.751* (0.109)
For-profit	0.794 (0.282)
ED visits as% of outpatient visits	1.006* (0.003)
Medicare length of stay	1.125 (0.180)
Patient characteristics
Average age	1.188* (0.085)
% Male	1.018 (0.022)
% Black	0.985** (0.004)
% Asian	0.962** (0.004)
% Hispanic	0.964 (0.023)
% Other race	0.946** (0.014)
% Top 10 observation diagnoses	1.012 (0.020)
Local health system characteristics
Physicians per 1,000 population	0.885 (0.088)
Population (10,000)	0.999 (0.001)
% of Beneficiaries in Medicare HMO	0.985 (0.010)
No. of short-term general hospitals per 100,000 population	0.988 (0.008)
Metropolitan area	0.946 (0.197)
Micropolitan area	1.381* (0.214)
Sample size (N)	3,678

Note. Coefficients for state dummy variables are not shown here but are available by request. Robust standard errors in parentheses.

^*Significant at 5%;

^**1%.