Table I.
Characteristics of women by residence (n=225)a
| Characteristics | Arkhangelsk, N=132 | Nelmin-Nos, N=93 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 51 (38–55) | 46 (32–53) | 0.013b |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 161.6 (5.8) | 151.9 (6.7) | <0.001c |
| Weight (kg), GM (95% CI) | 71.3 (68.7–74.0) | 64.9 (61.9–67.8) | 0.001d |
| WC (cm), GM (95% CI) | 85.5 (83.4–87.9) | 85.7 (82.8–88.5) | 0.964d |
| Hip circumference (cm), GM (95% CI) | 106.2 (104.2–108.1) | 102.3 (100.0–104.7) | 0.014d |
| BMI (kg/m2), GM (95% CI) | 27.2 (26.2–28.1) | 28.6 (27.2–29.6) | 0.126d |
| Waist-to-hip circumference ratio (%), GM (95% CI) | 0.81 (0.79–0.82) | 0.84 (0.82–0.85) | 0.001d |
| BMI groups (kg/m2), n (%) | |||
| ≤29.9 | 80 (65.6) | 46 (57.5) | |
| ≥30 | 42 (34.4) | 34 (42.5) | 0.247e |
| WC groups (cm), n (%) | |||
| ≤87.9 | 60 (53.6) | 41 (54.7) | |
| ≥88 | 52 (46.4) | 34 (45.3) | 0.883e |
| WHR groups, n (%) | |||
| ≤0.84 | 79 (70.5) | 43 (58.1) | |
| ≥0.85 | 33 (29.5) | 31 (41.9) | 0.081e |
| TC≥5.1 mmol/L, n (%) | 88 (68.8) | 45 (48.9) | 0.003e |
| HDL-C<1.3 mmol/L, n (%) | 84 (68.3) | 59 (64.1) | 0.522e |
| HDL-C<1.0 mmol/L, n (%) | 37 (30.1) | 24 (39.3) | 0.520e |
| TG≥1.7 mmol/L, n (%) | 26 (20.3) | 13 (14.1) | 0.236e |
| Apo B/A-I ratio (%), GM (95% CI) | 1.0 (0.93–1.08) | 0.92 (0.85–1.01) | 0.175d |
| FG (mmol/L), GM (95% CI) | 4.9 (4.8–5.1) | 4.3 (4.2–4.5) | <0.001d |
| FG≥6.1 mmol/L, n (%) | 6 (4.7) | 5 (5.4) | 0.802e |
| FI (µU/ml), GM (95% CI) | 7.3 (5.8–9.1) | 6.8 (5.9–8.0) | 0.623d |
| HOMA-IR, GM (95% CI) | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.3 (1.0–1.5) | 0.190d |
| SBP (mmHg), GM (95% CI) | 124.2 (120.8–127.6) | 135.8 (131.8–140.0) | <0.001d |
| DBP (mmHg), GM (95% CI) | 84.0 (82.0–86.0) | 82.4 (80.4–84.5) | 0.281d |
| SBP≥140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure≥90 mmHg, n (%) | 41 (39.0) | 38 (44.2) | 0.473e |
| SBP≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure≥85 mmHg (or treatment for hypertension), n (%) | 54 (51.4) | 46 (53.5) | 0.777e |
| MetS, n (%) | 34 (35.1) | 21 (30.4) | 0.533e |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 6 (5.1) | 5 (5.9) | 0.808e |
| Angina, myocardial infarction or stroke, n (%) | 14 (10.8) | 8 (8.8) | 0.629e |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 16 (13.3) | 13 (14.0) | 0.892e |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||
| Low | 35.0 (43) | 42.6 (29) | 0.575e |
| Moderate | 46.3 (57) | 41.2 (28) | |
| High | 18.7 (23) | 16.2 (11) | |
IQR=interquartile range; GM=geometric mean; WC=waist circumference; BMI=body mass index; TC=total cholesterol; HDL-C=high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG=triglycerides; SD=standard deviation; CI=confidence interval; Apo=apolipoprotein; FG=fasting glucose; HOMA-IR=Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance; SBP=systolic blood pressure; FI=fasting insulin; DBP=diastolic blood pressure; MetS=metabolic syndrome; WHR=waist-to-hip-ratio.
a
N within the groups may not be total 225 due to missing values.
b
p-values are obtained by Mann–Whitney test.
c
p-value is obtained by independent t-test.
d
p-values are obtained by ANCOVA, age adjusted.
e
p-values are obtained by Pearson Chi-Square test.