Table 1.

Anatomical papers that have analysed the roof of the cubital tunnel

Authors	Number of cases	Definition	Attachment and other characteristics	Frequency%	Muscle%
Von Clemens (1957)	100 preparations	Ligamentum epitrochleo-anconeum	From medial epicondyle to the tip of the olecranon, between the two heads of FCU	70/100 70
Osborne (1957)	Number of patients not reported	Band of fibrous tissue	Fixed attachment to medial epicondyle and a mobile one to the olecranon	100 (‘every case’)
Dellon, 1986	64 cadavers 104 extremities	Osborne's ligament		77	11
O'Driscoll et al. (1991)	27 cadavers	Cubital tunnel retinaculum	Medial epicondyle to the tip of the olecranon; 4 mm wide, fusion with the FCU aponeurosis	23/27 79.3%	3/27 11
Green & Rayan, 1999	19 cadavers	Arcuate ligament	Medial epicondyle to the olecranon; continuation of the FCU aponeurosis	8/19 42.2	2/19 10.5
Matsuzaki (2001)	90 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome	Osborne's arcade		57/90 63.3	3/90 3.3
Gonzalez et al. (2001)	39 cadavers arm	Osborne's ligament	From a very thin aponeurotic structure to thickened tough ligament	39/39 100	0/39
Alp et al. (2004)	15 cadavers, 30 elbows	Cubital tunnel retinaculum and Osborne's ligament		91
Siemionow et al. (2007)	28 cadavers	Fascia over the FDP covering the UN	Presence of 3–4 zones of fascial thickening
Karatas et al. (2009)	6 cadavers, 12 upper limbs	Osborne's ligament	Fusion of both heads of FCU; length from medial epicondyle to olecranon 2.2 cm	1/12 8.4	0/12
James et al. (2011)	11 cadavers arm	Cubital tunnel retinaculum	From posterior and distal aspect of medial epicondyle to posteromedial aspect of olecranon; thickness 0.14 mm	9/11 81.8	1/11 9.1

Muscle: presence of anconeus epitrochlearis muscle.