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Schematic illustration of Fielding and Hawkins' classification of traumatic atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Type I: pure rotation of the atlas in relation to the axis without anterior displacement (A). Type II: atlas rotated with 3- to 5-mm anterior displacement (B). Type III: rotation of the atlas with anterior displacement greater than 5 mm (C). Type IV: rotatory fixation with posterior displacement of atlas (D).
