Table 4.
Incidence rates and HRs of ESRD as a function of dietary pattern scores.
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Per 1-U increase in pattern score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convenience | |||||
| No. of events | 44 | 38 | 39 | 20 | |
| IR | 6.81 (5.07, 9.15) | 6.17 (4.48, 8.46) | 6.25 (4.56, 8.56) | 3.09 (1.99, 4.79) | |
| HR Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.95 (0.61, 1.47) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.67) | 0.60 (0.34, 1.08) | 0.91 (0.72, 1.14) |
| HR Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.37 (0.87, 2.16) | 1.31 (0.83, 2.06) | 0.73 (0.41, 1.31) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) |
| Plant Based | |||||
| No. of events | 44 | 34 | 31 | 32 | |
| IR | 6.97 (5.19, 9.36) | 5.35 (3.82, 7.50) | 4.88 (3.43, 6.94) | 5.05 (3.57, 7.14) | |
| HR Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.76 (0.48, 1.19) | 0.74 (0.46, 1.19) | 0.86 (0.52, 1.41) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.32) |
| HR Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.08 (0.67, 1.75) | 0.74 (0.45, 1.23) | 1.18 (0.71, 1.98) | 1.19 (0.97, 1.48) |
| Sweets/Fats | |||||
| No. of events | 45 | 32 | 40 | 24 | |
| IR | 7.17 (5.35, 9.61) | 5.07 (3.58, 7.16) | 6.32 (4.63, 8.62) | 3.73 (2.50, 5.57) | |
| HR Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.88 (0.56, 1.39) | 1.36 (0.86, 2.15) | 0.99 (0.54, 1.82) | 1.09 (0.87, 1.37) |
| HR Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 0.89 (0.55, 1.45) | 1.29 (0.79, 2.09) | 0.99 (0.52, 1.93) | 1.15 (0.87, 1.51) |
| Southern | |||||
| No. of eents | 20 | 36 | 43 | 42 | |
| IR | 3.12 (2.01, 4.83) | 5.81 (4.19, 8.05) | 6.67 (4.94, 8.98) | 6.69 (4.95, 9.06) | |
| HR Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.35 (0.78, 2.37) | 1.30 (0.74, 2.28) | 1.25 (0.68, 2.30) | 1.27 (1.04, 1.56) |
| HR Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.40 (0.79, 2.47) | 1.02 (0.58, 1.79) | 0.73 (0.38, 1.42) | 0.94 (0.76, 1.17) |
| Alcohol/Salads | |||||
| No. of events | 42 | 44 | 33 | 22 | |
| IR | 6.56 (4.85, 8.88) | 7.12 (5.30, 9.57) | 5.17 (3.67, 7.27) | 3.44 (2.27, 5.23) | |
| HR Model 1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.14 (0.74, 1.75) | 0.91 (0.57, 1.45) | 0.73 (0.42, 1.26) | 0.87 (0.72, 1.07) |
| HR Model 2 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.04 (0.67, 1.63) | 1.19 (0.74, 1.94) | 0.88 (0.50, 1.53) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.19) |
Note: Unless otherwise indicated, values given as IR of ESRD per 1,000 person-years of follow-up (95% CI) and HR of ESRD (95% CI). For each pattern, Q1 represents least consistency with pattern whereas Q4 represents most consistency with pattern. Model 1 is adjusted for age, gender, race, geographic region of residence, and energy intake. Model 2 is adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus lifestyle factors (self-reported frequency of exercise per week, current smoking), comorbidities (history of heart disease and hypertension), educational achievement (< vs. ≥ high school diploma), annual family income (< vs. ≥ $20,000/y), and natural log-transformed urinary albumin-creatinine ratio, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
Abbreviations: ESRD, end-stage renal disease; Q, quartile; IR, incidence rate; HR, hazard ratio.