Table 1. Presentation of Shrinking Lung Syndrome.
Rheum Dx | Sex | Age at Rheum Dx | Age at SLS Dx | Symptoms of SLS | Chest Imaging | SLS Treatment | SLS Outcome | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case 1 | MCTD | F | 14 | 15 | Dyspnea, Pleuritic CP, Orthopnea | Low lung volumes, atelectasis, small R effusion, decreased diaphragm excursion | Methylpred 1gm × 3, Pred 80mg/day, Rituximab 1 gm × 2 | Remission |
Case 2 | MCTD | M | 15 | 15 | Dyspnea, Pleuritic CP, Orthopnea | Low lung volumes, bilat atelectasis, small bilat effusions | Methylpred 1gm × 3, Pred 10mg/ day, Cy 750mg IV Q2 wks, Theophylline 300mg/day | Remission |
Case 3 | SLE | F | 18 | 22 | Dyspnea | Low lung volumes, paraspinal atelectasis, small bilat effusions | Pred 10mg/day, Theophylline 600mg/day, Meloxicam 7.5mg/day | N/A |
Case 4 | SLE | F | 15 | 18 | Dyspnea, Pleuritic CP | Low lung volumes, bilat atelectasis, small bilat effusions, bilat decreased diaphragm excursion | Pred 40mg/day, MMF 1000mg/day | N/A |
Case 5 | SLE | M | 43 | 45 | Dyspnea, Pleuritic CP, Orthopnea | Low lung volumes, bilat, atelectasis, moderate bilat effusions, bilat decreased diaphragm excursion | Pred 60mg/day, MMF 3000mg/day | Remission |
Case 6 | SLE | F | 12 | 14 | Dyspnea, Pleuritic CP, Orthopnea | Elevated R hemi-diaphragm | Pred 60mg/day, Rituximab with Cytoxan × 2, Naproxen 1000mg/day, | Active |
Six subjects, who had active SLS symptoms during the study interval and underwent pulmonary mechanics evaluation, are presented. Rheum Dx = rheumatologic diagnosis; SLS = shrinking lung syndrome; Dx= diagnosis; MCTD = mixed connective tissue disease; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus; F = female; M = male; CP = chest pain; R = right; bilat = bilateral; methylpred = intravenous methylprednisolone; pred = prednisone; Cy = cyclophosphamide; wks = weeks; MMF = mycophenolatemofetil; N/A = not available