Table 1.

Memory-Relevant Instructional Techniques

Instructional Techniques	Definitions	Example
Strategy Suggestions	Recommending that a child adopt a method or procedure for remembering or processing information	“If you are having trouble thinking of ways to connect the wheel and axle, you can look at the diagram to help you.”
Metacognitive Questions	Requesting that a child provide a potential strategy, a utilized strategy, or a rationale for a strategy they have indicated using	“How did you figure out which pieces you would need to build a sturdy structure? How did you know that would work?”
Instructional Techniques Co-Occurring with Deliberate Memory Demands
Instructional Activities	Requests for information from memory and the presentation of instructional information by the teacher	“Today we will be building our own cars. Who knows the first step we take when building a new structure?”
Cognitive Structuring Activities	Requests for information from memory and teacher instruction that could impact the encoding and retrieval of information, such as focusing attention or organizing material	“All of these modes of transportation have wheels. What is another vehicle that you have seen around town that also has wheels?
Metacognitive Information	Requests for information from memory and the provision or solicitation of metacognitive information	“What kind of gear is this? What clue did you use to help you figure that out?”